Understanding Resarch Paper

Understanding Resarch Paper Things You Should Know About Resarch Paper Psychology is such a wide subject, so you wish to locate a topic that permits you to adequately cover the subject without becoming overwhelmed with information. Not all research paper topics are made equal, and you would like to ensure you pick a terrific topic before you commence writing. Following are a few of the advised sociology essay topic for those students that are unable to choose a great topic for their assignment. Explain the goal of your paper and the way you want to approach the topic. If you're interested in your topic, learning about it is going to be more pleasurable and you'll write with increased passion, so select your topic thoughtfully. When deciding on your research paper topic, you have to make certain it is neither boring nor worn out. Even if a particular research paper topic is getting plenty of buzz at the moment or other individuals seem interested in writing about it, don't feel tempted to make it your topic if you don't genuinely have some type of interest in it also. The Foolproof Resarch Paper Strategy When you submit your paper, make certain to keep a safe copy. A paper is always simpler to write if you're interested in this issue, and you will be more motivated to do in-depth research and compose a paper that truly covers the full subject. You're writing an academic paper but that doesn't mean that you must be boring. Proofreading your paper needs to be performed unhurriedly and meticulously. No matter the character of your research, if you're writing a paper an outline can help you to not just organize your thoughts, but in addition function as the template for your whole paper. A superb outline is easily the most crucial step in writing a superb paper. Nevertheless, the trick to a prosperous research paper is organization. It's mandatory to likewise reiterate the thesis statement and mention any upcoming research. As soon as you've restated the subject of the research, you've got to restate your thesis statement. Prepare a working thesis before you really organize your research since it will guide your investigation and can help you stay focused on your subject. State the particular issue which you would want to concentrate your research on. An individual should realize that every Research Paper is a sophisticated writing because it must contain distinctive research and distinctive idea. The research paper grants you the chance to think seriously about some matter. Writing a superb research paper may be a daunting task that needs extensive research. The Argument About Resarch Paper Research Paper preparation means handling a great deal of information. You have made it to the conclusion of the research paper writing process. When you get a generic case of introduction in research paper, for example, you might not have to pay much. How to make an APA research paper outline If you must write employing the APA format, you should adhere to the general rules of making the outline. If you've ever written a college research paper, you are aware that it takes lots of time and perseverance, leave away the fundamental comprehension of academi c writing and formatting. As any book or movie, introduction intends to set the background and provide your assignment a specific context, permitting the reader to realize how your work complements previous researches on the similar topic. Following that, you won't be bored when doing the research because you're guaranteed to discover something new and you'll delight in the writing process. Professional writing service will solve issues with homework at any level with no delays. There are lots of research paper samples readily available online. Looking at an actual paper for your class can assist you in lots of ways. Make the usage of the suggested research paper topic ideas and you'll be prosperous. You might even acquire fantastic examples of research paper topics to help you limit your pick. Bear in mind, even the most seasoned academic veterans have been required to learn to compose a research paper at some time in their career. One of the most difficult tasks for stud ents is thinking up manageable and informative topics. Academic life for virtually any student in any nation is a complex path. Research papers are trying, but in addition they have the capability to be somewhat rewarding. Writing a research paper is a vital component of academics and shouldn't be avoided on account of somebody's anxiety. Writing a good research paper can be among the most intimidating tasks faced by students. Writing a research paper even though may appear challenging is a considerable portion of routine student life.

Rap Music And Its Effects On Society - 1860 Words

Who some call the call the godfather of rap, Eazy E, once said, â€Å"Who gave it that title, gangsta rap? It s reality rap. It s about what s really going on.† There has been a great injustice done to the form of expression called rap. In essence rap is just lyrics over a basic beat or rhythm. Many members of society today assume that rap is a dangerous and violent influence, however what they seem to be ignorant of is the fact that rap music is actually beneficial. The majority of the world we live in today has unjustly classified rap as a barbaric form of music, unfit for any decent human to listen to, but the reality of the situation is, that people simply cannot accept the culture known as rap into society. Nowadays, rappers such as Kanye, Soulja Boi, and Wiz Khalifa are receiving much criticism about the way they portray their â€Å"hoodlum† lifestyle or the way they â€Å"encourage† violence through their music, when in actuality they are venting about the unfair circumstances society has forced them into. Listening to rap music and it’s positive vibes is in fact beneficial based on evidence which shows that consumption of rap music not only assists the listener in several ways, but also aids the rapper. The form of music that we know as rap is heavily influenced by earlier African American music forms. Modern day rap, originates from it’s previous form of gangsta rap. Gangsta rap is an extremely controversial form of music, even to this day, people argue about how â€Å"safe† it isShow MoreRelatedRap Music And Its Effect On Society Essay1277 Words   |  6 Pagesthink that it is only classical music that has a positive effect on society because of its soft tune and melody, but in fact rap music can have that same effect. The reason that some people think rap music leads to violence is because gang members can often be found listening to rap music, and they dress in the urban clothing style of rappers. The reali ty is that rap music is greatly misunderstood. The media often portrays rap music as negative and focuses on rap music more when it is related to somethingRead MoreRap Music And Its Effects On Society1535 Words   |  7 Pageshit single â€Å"Coco†. Rap wasn’t always this bad, back when Rap first started with a group by the name of Sugar Hill Gang and their hit single to begin the era â€Å"Rapper’s Delight† Rap was about peace, harmony and just hanging out at a party, but r=this precedent split into more violent distorted versions of the genre such as the more 1990s popular genre of â€Å"Gangsta Rap† or the more recent rap music that glorifies sexual themes, practices and criminal mischief. This violent rap music has been seen to haveRead MoreRap Music And Its Effect On Society1915 Words   |  8 PagesAs a whole, â€Å"Rap music† is a misrepresentation of black culture. Rap teaches youth that violence, demeaning women and participating in criminal activity are acceptable in today’s society. Despite the rap artists’ that do use self-expression as a means of changing the way listeners view society, rap music contradicts the good that it can create. Rap is proven detrimental toward society, despite the political views most believe it provides. Simply stated, raps contradictive nature makes it impossibleRead MoreThe Impact Of Rap Music On Today s Society867 Words   |  4 PagesThe impact of rap music in today’s society is extremely substantial. Many Americans listen to rap music, even though different rap artist discuss various issues in their songs, it may influences their fans to do the same. A large amount of rap music contains explicit lyrics that describe illegal activities, aggression, and sexual content. Researchers from Iowa State University and the Texas Department of Human Services found that aggressive music lyrics increase aggressive thought and feelings, mightRead MoreEssay on Rap and Hip Hop Do Not Affect Society Negatively987 Words   |  4 Pages Rap and hip hop music have been debated many times over the years about whether or not this choice of music affects society negatively. As you will learn from this presentation, rap does not affect society negatively and is a great choice of music. It helps save lives, relieves stress, and tells vital messages to learn from. According to dictionary.com, the definition of hip hop is defined as, â€Å"the popular subculture of big-city teenagers, which includes rap music, breakdancing, and graffiti artRead MoreEssay about Rap. Simply Music, or Something More?683 Words   |  3 Pagesthe adoption of rap music into the entertainment industry is no different. There are an innumerable amount of viewpoints on whether rap music is to be admonished for the objectification of and disrespect towards women or simply accepted as another expression of modern society. Even those these two opposing viewpoints are vastly different, there are opportunities for those who listen to this type of music to develop their intelligence on the various topics discussed in modern rap. There are many peopleRead MoreThe Debate Of Hip Hop Music1509 Words   |  7 PagesA constant debate amongst society is whether or not certain genres of music have an impact on the behavior of listeners, whether that impact is positive or negative. Would a person steal because of a song they heard? Would a person murder another human due to the lyrics of their favorite song? Questions like these are often asked and very rarely answered. The main genre of debate: hip hop music. Though the debate continues to go on in today’s society, the answer has never been given. In fact, someRead MoreThe Effects Of Rap Music On Social Behavior Essay1693 Words   |  7 PagesIn society today, it is highly noticed that the role of rap music messages and video images of violence causes an increase in negative emotions, thoughts and behaviors which could lead to violence amongst youth. Rap music has been at the center of concern in regards to the potential harmful effect of violent media on s ocial behavior amongst youth. This potential behavior could be seen in the music video titled â€Å"Kim† by Eminem. In this music video, the storyline, language and sound encourages hostileRead MoreDepiction of Women in Lyrics Essay1223 Words   |  5 PagesMusic has become ingrained within our every day lives. It ranges from the music we hear during commercials to popular mainstream artists playing over the radio, the lyrics of music has shaped roles and standards for both men and women. In the past four decades, lyrics have begun to increasingly depict sex, sexual violence and male dominance. With teenagers being the main audience for the music media the lyrics are typically aimed for that age group. Because of the targeted age group the lyrics haveRead MoreRap Music : Hip Hop Essay1509 Words   |  7 PagesRap, or hip hop as some call it, ranks in the top ten of most popular music genres in the world. Since it burst on the scene in the late 1970s, rap music changed the l andscape of the music industry, especially for African-American artists. The genre accredited some of the biggest names in the music industry. Popular artists like LL Cool J, Tupac, Notorious B. I. G., Jay-Z, Kanye West, and many others produce, or have produced, millions of hip-hop records. The secret to the success of hip hop centers

Theoretical Lenses

Question: Part A 1.Several theoretical lenses have been applied to explain social and environmental disclosure practices by firms. Identify two competing theories used by Clarkson et al. (2008), Dawkin and Fraas (2011) and Cho, Freedman and Patten (2012). Critically discuss how these theories can be used to explain (social) and environmental disclosure behaviours and the motives for such behaviours.2.Two prominent practices that provide partial evaluation of firms social and environmental accountability are (i) social and environmental performance measurement by rating agencies and (ii) provision of sustainability assurance by professional accountants and other relevant professionals. Discuss the role of the two practices in the development of Social and Environmental Accounting as an applied field. Part B Prominent scholars in Social and Environmental Accounting (SEA) have emphasised the need for researchers in the area to redirect a proportion of their attention to the adoption of theoretical propositions to explain managerial disclosure practices (see, Gray, 2002; Mathews, 1997; Owen, 2008; Parker, 2005). These scholars made this call as they had the intuition that such engagement would lead to illuminative findings that would offer insightful explanations for social and environmental disclosure behaviours.You are required to select any company, operating in a pollution-intensive industry, which issues sustainability report based on the guidelines of Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). Using the two competing theories identified in (1) of part A, discuss the chosen companys likely motives behind the patterns of disclosure regarding each of the following G3 core performance indicators. Answer: Part A Several theoretical lenses have been applied to explain social and environmental disclosure practices by firms. Identify two competing theories used by Clarkson et al. (2008), Dawkin and Fraas (2011) and Cho, Freedman and Patten (2012) The concept to provide information about managers point of view about the non proprietary release is mainly defines the voluntary disclosure theory. These informations are define the disclosure information fully depends upon the management decisions. Management always takes absolute decisions about the release of this type of information. The declaration is mainly published when its gives proper advantages to the organization. According to this report the environmental activities are mainly creating the positive relationships between companys disclosures and environmental performance (Clarkson, 2008). According to the report firms are mainly creating negative impacts on the environment but with the help of the companys disclosure it gives the favourable impact on the environment. Companies are provide these disclosure to get economic benefits from society and this theory always provide the appropriate information about the environment and also the companies which are performing good in their corporate social responsibilities. According to the research the theory is mainly based on the economic benefits and other advantages. This theory is utilizing for the describing the environment reporting practices for the undeveloped countries. The economic growth is depends upon the growth of industrialization and technological to enhance the companys growth by avoiding the environmental issues. Whenever environment is facing difficulties while growth the results should be clarify by environmental expert or companies with their own help. The undeveloped economies are focusing mainly on the industrial growth and also neglecting the environmental growth. Most of the stakeholders are also about to enhance their standard of living by neglecting that companies having any social responsibilities towards society and environment. In the results the organizations providing operations in underdeveloped country to enhance their business activities properly by using disclosure towards social responsibilities of corporate sectors. This activity can make better and hygienic relationships between environment and corporate sectors activities. When after disclosure was published and not properly following by the companies by any reasons in underdeveloped countries so that will be provided as discretionary information. The positivity is really essential for make the better relationships between companies disclosure for environment and also the environmental performances actually they need to perform. There are mainly several forms of environmental disclosures are made by the companies to perform their corporate social responsibility. The legitimacy theory it is described that companies are mainly taking benefits from the economy benefits. The legitimacy theory is mainly depends upon the negative relations between companys accountability and legitimacy theory and environmental performance through companies environmental disclosure. The companies are mainly facing difficulties from their stakeholders legal issues and for that organizations need to apply image repairing strategies. These strategies can give the positive growth by applying communication in the society about the companys disclosures (Dawkin and Fraas, 2011). Those companies which are not fulfilling their corporate social responsibilities properly can improve their performance through publish their disclosures which may distract the public views on the other side from their lower performance and also with the help of this activity they can change the perception of stakeholders and general follows of the companies. According to the many empirical studies are proofing that the negative connections between environmental performances and companies disclosures is the fact (Higgins and Walker, 2012). And also the bad performer company of the environment performance is published highly knowledgeable disclosures rather than good performer of the environment performances. According to the empirical report of several companies are different countries having results of inverse relation within environment performance and companys disclosures with the references of legitimacy theory. The political strategies are mainly creates the inverse connection within the companys disclosures and environmental performance. The study mainly define the neglecting of social responsibilities and as well as the companys disclosure for hiding the poor operating activities of the organizations. Companies are mainly take utilities from the political strategies to avoid the environment legal rules and regulations. According to the authors provided information about the report is concluded through unfavourable environmental performer companies are providing much better social responsibilities information whether that is in monetary terms or non monetary terms can be managed by them properly better than the good corporate responsibilities performer companies in the society (Guidry and Patten, 2012). According to the most of the environment details are available on the webpage of the company and mainly all the companies who are doing less corporate social responsibilities are providing huge details about environment activities over their annual financial statement of the companies. According to the most of the researchers knowledge for the connection within the companys environmental disclosures and actual corporate responsibilities follows by the firms have factual results in the undeveloped countries. As the avoidance of empirical studies making the companies rating activities vanished. The rating agencies are not able to rate the organizations without their factual database studies are not technically possible in nature. The reasons behind the less developed companies are mainly provide attention towards their disclosure to maintain their accountability of the company. These theories are mainly discussed in the reports related to environmental behaviour of the company. According to the several numbers of researchers said that the companies in the South Africa counties are able to reduce their companys disclosure about environment with the support of the legal activities towards their business (Gibassier, 2012). The legalized system enhances the environmental responsibilities aware in some undeveloped countries of Asia. The gas flaring issues of the companies can be disclosed by the major stakeholders companies for better environmental awareness (Freedman and Patten 2012). Part B Two prominent practices that provide partial evaluation of firms social and environmental accountability Social and environmental performance measurement by rating agencies The behaviour of the companies towards the environment, rules and regulations and responsibility is mainly considered as social responsibilities of the company. The overall activities are based on the social responsibilities whether it is structure of the company or the management and operational activities of the company (Contrafatto and Burns, 2013). The overall activities done by the organization can directly give impacts on their stakeholders. The empirical studies are used by the rating agencies for the last several years for investigation activities to find out the connections within organizations social and as well as the financial activity. The whole documentation is related to the illegal activities, pollution and also related to the employees relation with the organization. According to the most of the researchers knowledge for the connection within the companys environmental disclosures and actual corporate responsibilities follows by the firms have factual results in the undeveloped countries. As the avoidance of empirical studies making the companies rating activities vanished. The rating agencies are not able to rate the organizations without their factual database studies are not technically possible in nature. The rating agencies are mainly do companys valuation of the social and environmental performance and negotiation with the several investors or stakeholders about this information. The rating agencies mainly analyze the social, environmental as well as the financial performance of the company (Gery Djajadikerta and Trireksani, 2012). The company investors, researchers and others mainly utilize these details. The ratings of the organization are valid for the particular period of time. Provision of sustainability assurance by professional accountants and other relevant professionals The accountants are also provided an important role in the corporate social responsibilities of the companies. The major responsibilities are provided by the accountants for their respective organizations. The research is on the accounting activities of the company on the basis of the social and environmental issues. The accountants roles and responsibilities are mainly defined in three main fields. They are mainly the auditors, financial accountant and management accountant. According to the social and environmental accounting mainly the financial accountants are accountable for the assets and liabilities which are related to the social environmental issues. And also draft a report on those aspects in a formal ways. The responsibilities of the management accountant is to maintain the costs and benefits of the companies which is directly connected to these social problems and at last the auditors are responsible to verify and assure the company about the social account realized. The accountants are most shows their interest towards the corporate social responsibilities are huge in numbers range. There are many accountants are dedicatedly work for improvement of the social justice and providing benefits to the society on the studies of the social and environment issues. Reference List Contrafatto, M. and Burns, J. (2013). Social and environmental accounting, organisational change and management accounting: A processual view.Management Accounting Research, 24(4), pp.349-365. Gery Djajadikerta, H. and Trireksani, T. (2012). Corporate social and environmental disclosure by Indonesian listed companies on their corporate web sites.Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 13(1), pp.21-36. Gibassier, D. (2012). Environmental Management Accounting and Innovation: An Exploratory Analysis.Social and Environmental Accountability Journal, 32(2), pp.112-113. Guidry, R. and Patten, D. (2012). Voluntary disclosure theory and financial control variables: An assessment of recent environmental disclosure research.Accounting Forum, 36(2), pp.81-90. Higgins, C. and Walker, R. (2012). Ethos, logos, pathos: Strategies of persuasion in social/environmental reports.Accounting Forum, 36(3), pp.194-208. Mark, G. (2012). Private FCPA Enforcement.Am Bus Law J, 49(3), pp.419-506. Melissa Abrahams, E. (2014). The Extraterritorial Effects of US Legislation FCPA.JGBM.

Modern Architecture free essay sample

These architects drew significantly from each other and explored similar ideas in their establishing of a new standard in approaching architecture. Decoration became a taboo while simpler and more functional forms took their place. I am going to be talking about Loius Kahn and how he is talked abut in different texts. Loius Kahn was both more subtle and radical than all the rchitects mentioned din his book so far. From early on Kahn was interested in housing reform movements and working on mostly government housing projects. Kahn strongly believed that there was a dire need for civic architecture, which would eventually ignite a sense of common purpose and democratic participation. Kahn went from the modernist tradition to a fusion of Viollet-Â ­? de-Â ­? Duc and neoclassicism. And eventually to a more or less, unchanging form types. His convergence between the two was suggested by platonic geometries found in nature. He strongly isagreed with the concept of a free plan, and believed in the aggregation of identical rooms, which broke down architecture to its most primitive unit of meaning. We will write a custom essay sample on Modern Architecture or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When Louis Kahn worked on a space, he would try to understand the spiritual quality of the spaces and put that into the materials that he used for the place. He’d pay specific attention to technical aspects of things and to work precisely. He had great control over the materials he used. He liked to think of his spaces as servant spaces, meaning that these were spaces in buildings that would erve other spaces and allow each other to exist. He believed strongly that architecture appeals to the community it serves as well as the already recognized structural functionality. He added that architecture should reveal the story of the construction through materiality. His major mission was to put the spiritual sense of the space into the material. He was trying to figure out how to materialize the spirituality of the space. He had a mastery of monumentality; he understood attempted to integrate as much of nature as possible into his urban work. He hought that nature should become a basis on which American modern architecture should emerge. A lot of his work into the 30s was focused more on giving American society a social form during times of crisis, working on things like decentralized utopia, including cheap single family dwellings, the Usonian houses. These were for middle class families and encouraged them to gather in the same place. This encouraged the concrete slab roofs for the practicality and suggested a new concept for independent living. He was strictly at odds with the international odern movement. Although his use of slabs can be related to this movement, they were, in actuality, at odds with it due to this specifically American idea of living free in nature. He wanted to fuse function, structure, and idea while being inspired by natural forms. His whole obsession with community planning was based on the idea of spreading away from cities and moving more into suburban areas. He fantasized that people would be able to access the service aspects of urban communities and the facility aspects of rural areas all at the same time.

Fire in a Bottle Chemistry Demonstration

Fire in a Bottle Chemistry Demonstration This fire bottle is a quick and easy alternative to the Barking Dog chemistry demonstration. The bottle displays a bright blue (or other colors) light, plus it emits a woof or bark. Several websites call this project a bottle fire vortex or bottle fire  tornado, but the flame propagates as a wave down the bottle, without spinning. Of course, you could spin the bottle on a carousel or turntable. Fire Bottle Materials Glass bottleAlcohol, at least 70 percentLong-handled lighter Procedure Pour a small amount of fuel into the bottle. You want 1/2 cm to 1 cm of liquid in the bottom of the bottle.Cap the bottle or cover the top with your hand, whichever works.Shake the bottle.If you have fuel on the lip of the bottle, wipe it off or blow on the bottle to evaporate the fuel. Otherwise, there is a good chance the flame will be restricted to this small area of the bottle. It is not a concern; just reduces the quality of the display.Carefully light the vapor just inside the mouth of the bottle.The flame should go out on its own, but if it does not, simply cover the mouth of the bottle and suffocate the flame.Each run uses up the oxygen in the bottle, which the fire needs in order to burn. You will need to blow fresh air into the bottle. You can blow into the bottle or else use a straw or tube. You probably will not need to add more fuel. Just add air, cover and shake the bottle, uncap it, and ignite the vapor.If you like, add a flame colorant to the fuel (e.g., boric acid fo r a green flame). Simply sprinkle some of the colorants into the bottle. Most colorants are not consumed by the flame, so even if you get to a point where you wish to add more fuel, you will not need to add more colorant chemical. Notes on Materials Glass Bottle:  You can use just about any bottle you want, but do be sure it is glass. Plastic  will melt. Also, the shape of the bottle, especially its neck, affects the sound that will be produced. You may wish to experiment with different types of bottles. We have had good success with a glass cola bottle and a large cylindrical glass water bottle. If by some miracle you have a giant graduated cylinder, go for it.Alcohol:  You can use other liquid fuels, too. You want some water in the fuel so that it will stick to the sides of the glass. You can add  chemicals to color the flame, too. Some of these will dissolve better in pure alcohol, which you can dilute with water or mix with rubbing alcohol.Long Handled Lighter:  You could drop a match in the bottle, but then you will need to fish it out to repeat the project. A flame  will shoot out the top of the bottle, so dont use a short lighter. A candle is another good option. Safety Info This is fire. It can burn you. Perform this project under competent adult supervision. Do not set the fuel next to your glass container. Do not perform this project on a flammable surface or near flammable objects (e.g., do not lean into the bottle with long hair, do not light the bottle next to drapes, etc.). Do be prepared to put the fire out in case of an accident. Having said all that, this project works well indoors. Actually, we recommend you try it indoors because you will get the best effect in still air, with no wind. Disclaimer: Please be advised that the content provided by our website is for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. Fireworks and the chemicals contained within them are dangerous and should always be handled with care and used with common sense. By using this website you acknowledge that ThoughtCo., its parent About, Inc. (a/k/a Dotdash), and IAC/InterActive Corp. shall have no liability for any damages, injuries, or other legal matters caused by your use of fireworks or the knowledge or application of the information on this website. The providers of this content specifically do not condone using fireworks for disruptive, unsafe, illegal, or destructive purposes. You are responsible for following all applicable laws before using or applying the information provided on this website.

The Meaning of Leaf Names in Latin or Greek

The Meaning of Leaf Names in Latin or Greek The following words are used in plant names to describe the leaves or foliage of plants. The basic Latin word for leaf is folium. Since folium is a neuter noun, the plural ends in a (folia). Botanically, folius is used as an adjective, as well. Foliatus, the masculine adjectival form of the Latin word for leaf, means leaved. The feminine adjectival form is foliata and the neuter is foliatum. If youre interested in picking up Latin vocabulary, strip the folius word from each entry on the following list. Example: In the case of acuminatifolius, stripping out folius leaves acuminat- plus a connecting vowel i. Acuminat- is from the past participle of acumino, -are, -avi, -atus which translates into English as to sharpen or to make sharp. Acuminat- may be familiar to you from the English word acumen. A acuminatifolius (leaves tapering gradually to a point) acuminatifolia acuminatifolium acutifolius (pointed leaves) acutifolia acutifolium aequifolius (equal leaves) aequifolii aequifolium afoliatus (without leaves) afoliata afoliatum albifolius (white leaved) albifolia albifolium alternifolius (alternating leaves) alternifolia alternifolium amplexifolius (leaves clasped [amplector to wind around, surround]) amplexifolia amplexifolium amplifolius (large leaved) amplifolia amplifolium angustifolius (narrow leaved) angustifolia angustifolium argutifolius (sharply toothed leaves) argutifolia argutifolium auriculifolius (leaves like an ear auricula - the ear, diminutive) auriculifolia auriculifolium B bifoliatus (with two leaves) bifoliata bifoliatum bipennifolius (two feathered leaves) bipennifolia bipennifolium brevifolius (short leaved) brevifolia brevifolium C capillifolius (hairy leaved) capillifolia capillifolium centifolius (100 leaves) centifolia centifolium cerefolius (wax leaved) cerefolia cerefolium chlorifolius (light green leaved) chlorifolia chlorifolium confertifolius (dense leaved) confertifolia confertifolium cordifolius (heart shaped leaves) cordifolia cordifolium crassifolius (thick leaved) crassifolia crassifolium cuneifolius (leaves tapered to the base) cuneifolia cuneifolium curtifolius (shortened leaves) curtifolia curtifolium cuspidifolius (stiff pointed leaves) cuspidifolia cuspidifolium cymbifolius (boat shaped leaves) cymbifolia cymbifolium D densifolius (densely leaved) densifolia densifolium distentifolius (distended leaves) distentifolia distentifolium diversifolius (many shaped leaves) diversifolia diversifolium E ensifolius (sword shaped leaves) ensifolia ensifolium exilifolius (small leaved) exilifolia exilifolium F falcifolius (sickle shaped leaves) falcifolia falcifolium filicifolius (fern like leaves) filicifolia filicifolium filifolius (thread like leaves) filifolia filifolium flabellifolius (fan shaped leaves) flabellifolia flabellifolium foliaceus (leafy, resembling a leaf) foliacea foliaceum foliolosus (having small leaves) foliolosa foliolosum foliosior (leafier) foliosior foliosius foliosissimus (leafiest) foliosissima foliosissimum foliosus (leafy) foliosa foliosum G gracilifolius (slender leaved) gracilifolia gracilifolium graminifolius (grass leaved) graminifolia graminifolium grandifolius (large leaved) grandifolia grandifolium I integrifolius (leaves entire) integrifolia integrifolium L latifolius (broad leaved) latifolia latifolium laxifolius (loose leaved) laxifolia laxifolium linearifolius (linear leaves) linearifolia linearifolium longifolius (long leaves) longifolia longifolium M millefoliatus (with 1,000 leaves) millefoliata millefoliatum millefolius (1,000 leaved) millefolia millefolium minutifolius (small leaved) minutifolia minutifolium mucronifolius (sharp pointed leaves) mucronifolia mucronifolium multifolius (many leaved) multifolia multifolium O oblongifolius (oblong leaves) oblongifolia oblongifolium obtusifolius (blunt leaves) obtusifolia obtusifolium oppositifolius (leaves opposite) oppositifolia oppositifolium ovalifolius (oval leaves) ovalifolia ovalifolium P parvifolius (small leaves) parvifolia parvifolium paucifolius (few leaved) paucifolia paucifolium perfoliatus (leaves joined around stem) perfoliata perfoliatum pinguifolius (fat leaves) pinguifolia pinguifolium planifolius (flat leaved) planifolia planifolium Q quadrifolius (4 leaved) quadrifolia quadrifolium R rectifolius (erect leaves) rectifolia rectifolium reflexifolius (reflexed leaves) reflexifolia reflexifolium remotifolius (leaves distant from each other) remotifolia remotifolium renifolius (kidney shaped leaves) renifolia renifolium rhombifolius (diamond shaped leaves) rhombifolia rhombifolium rotundifolius (round leaves) rotundifolia rotundifolium rubrifolius (red leaves) rubrifolia rubrifolium S sagittifolius (arrow shaped leaves) sagittifolia sagittifolium setifolius (with bristly leaves) setifolia setifolium simplicifolius (simple leaved) simplicifolia simplicifolium spathulifolius (spatula shaped leaves) spathulifolia spathulifolium spiculifolius (spiky leaves) spiculifolia spiculifolium subrotundifolius (leaves less round) subrotundifolia subrotundifolium T tenuifolius (slender leaved) tenuifolia tenuifolium teretifolius (cylindrical leaves) teretifolia teretifolium ternifolius (leaves in 3) ternifolia ternifolium tortifolius (twisted leaves) tortifolia tortifolium trifoliatus (3 leaved) trifoliata trifoliatum trifoliolatus (trifoliolate) trifoliolata trifoliolatum trifolius (3 leaves) trifolia trifolium U undulatifolius (wavy edged leaves) undulatifolia undulatifolium unifoliatus (one leaf) unifoliata unifoliatum unifolius (one leaf) unifolia unifolium V variifolius (variegated leaves) variifolia variifolium villifolius (hairy leaves) villifolia villifolium viridifolius (green leaved) viridifolia viridifolium

Ownership of Human Tissues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Ownership of Human Tissues - Essay Example Similar cases are true for most other possessions. Whatever else a person may possess in this world, notwithstanding, no doubt naturally evident that he or she claims the cells of his or her body. Where else could the idea of possession start, other than with the parts of a substantial corpus that all would perceive as "me"? However, there have been claims and even court cases regarding the issue of ownership of human body tissues. For instance, if part of the patient body is removed and used for research or any other purpose, does the patient still retains the rights to these body parts. If not, how far do his rights of possession extend as concerns his own body parts? This essay will explore the historical and contemporary concept of ownership of human tissues and ethics. The guiding thesis for this essay is that the rights of ownership of human tissues extends to as far as the tissues are within the body1. The essay will explore the law concerning this issue and provide arguments for and against the thesis statement. The concept of property has been legally unclear over many years. The issue gets even more complicated when it comes to the basic question whether people actually own their own bodies. With any legally accepted property, the alleged owner has the right to use the property in any way they please only if the use does not harm others. If so is true, then donated human parts, and organs are still in the possessions of the donor and he, or she has the rights to dictate how they are to be used and/or disposed. However, this is not as simple as it sounds. With the advent of biotechnology, the world has witnessed multiple controversies related to the ownership and use of bits and pieces from human bodies whether alive or not. Human tissues and cells are currently scattered over a wide range of laboratories, sperm

Consumer Behaivour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Consumer Behaivour - Essay Example For an example, laptop computers have become necessity for the modern tech savvy people. The buying behaviour or an individual is controlled by many factors some of the major factors are price, quality, reputation and many more. Lifestyle is another major factor which influences the buying behaviour of an individual. It has been seen that many time a same person changes his or her buying attitude according to the lifestyle (O'Shaughnessy: 1995). The factors which influence the buying process can be categorised into two major factors and they are internal factors and the external factors. These two factors are closely related to each other. However, the external factors come from the market and these factors are created by the marketers with great marketing and branding effects. The internal factors are the behavioural traits of the individuals. I am clear about these factors which have forced or rather helped me to take the final buying decision. I have understood the behavioural tra its of my buying behaviour with the thorough study of the may last ten prominent buys. I have realised that most of the products which I have bought are all branded and high end products. Some of them are highly expensive and top of the line products. I have also realised that I take sudden decisions about buying while I love the product. For an example, I bought Tom Ford (Bois Marocain) Perfume from David Jones as I liked the perfume. The aroma made me obsessed about the perfume so I bought it in a sudden manner while I was not at all thinking of buying a perfume. This shows that I am not majorly influenced by the price factor but I am influenced by the emotion. The factor analysis: The personal behaviour and perceptions create a lot of sense at the time of buying process. The personal traits are the major factors to execute the buying decisions. The individual perceptions towards products vary due to many internal factors like attitude, status, perception, lust and many other fact ors. However, to identify my buying behaviour I would like to take the help of the factor analysis of my behavioural traits towards buying relations. Gordon Allport’s Trait Theory: Famous psychologist Gordon Allport (1961) realised that there are majorly three trait factors which help to understand the human nature or the uniqueness of the individuals. And these three factors are central traits, secondary traits and the cardinal traits (Pastorino, and Doyle-Portillo: 2008). The central traits: The central traits focus on the behavioural factors which can be treated as the general nature of an individual. For an example if a person is friendly in most of the situation then the friends would take his friendly behaviour as the central trait. Same way in case of buying the openness and price sensitive nature can make the central traits of the person towards the buying behaviour. In this case my central trait is to buy products which are upgraded in nature and branded offcourse. T he price sensitivity is not at all the central trait of my buying behaviour. From the VAIO notebook to the YSL bag, Bobby Brown cosmetics to iPhone 4 each of them are the top of the line products. The luxury is another primary trait which controls my buying behaviour. Raymond Cattell’s factor analysis: Raymond Cattell introduced the statistical technique to identify the different

Informational Privacy Essay Example for Free

Informational Privacy Essay The divide between the law and human ethics has been a rather blurred one, with many people wondering where the dividing line ought to be drawn (Rowland, 2005). For on the one hand the law ought to be obeyed and not questioned as it is the supreme authority of the country; yet on the other hand ethical considerations, especially in cases where the law is silent, ought to be considered too. For many are the times when the law has failed to be of any use because it is either obsolete due to age or it just does not take into account changes in life. Technological advancement is one area where the law has totally failed to keep up pace with new issues that emerge with the result that it has been difficult, even impossible, to have sound decisions on matters of technology (Rowland, 2005). This paper considers a case of information privacy from the point of view of the parents of a naval officer whose emails they cannot access after his death. Discussion Justin Ellsworths Parents ought to have been allowed access to their son’s emails because of a number of reasons. The first one is that according to the utilitarian theory, this is a man who had done so much for his nation (Rowland, 2005). He had given his own life in exchange for the lives of many other Americans whom he sought to protect from their enemies. He literally died serving his nation. In this case he was of great use and value to the nation. On this basis, the parents, who are his next of kin, ought to have been allowed to access his emails. One thing is critical in this entire case – the parents do not merely want access their son’s email but want to do this for a good reason. The reason is that he died away in battle unexpectedly and so left no final word to them. They are obligated to know what their son might have though or said prior to his death so they might understand his possible feelings then. Secondly, as people who are bereft of their son, these parents can probably be little comforted in sharing in the feelings of their son – feelings they can only get if they are able to access his email. Finally, it is worth considering the alternative – if they are not allowed access, they will probably be less happy, develop negative attitudes towards the authorities and the law enforcement agencies, and most likely even develop a hatred for any form of government service. They might even engage in dissuading other people from ever considering to be patriotic based on their own experience that patriotism is never rewarded. The eventuality could be that fewer people would be wiling to enlist as servicemen and women in the country’s naval forces. The reason is that their son as not treated with the worth he deserved. Finally, the emails will be of no use to anyone else after all so keeping them or deleting when someone desperately them is essentially despising the person. Deontological ethical considerations require that everything be done in accordance with the law (Rowland, 2005). On this basis, it is all right for Justin Ellsworths Parents to be denied access to the emails belonging to their son. And privacy law is one that ought not to be broken at all because breaking it is both an offence as unethical. Imagine accessing the secret thoughts of a mature person. This is a person who, unlike a child, could express himself. If he had any information intended for parents he must have send it over. Above all, else, he entered into agreement with Yahoo not to disclose his personal information. This contract is binding for as long as his account is not terminated. Such information may never be shared or disclosed to third parties regardless of their closeness to him. It is about obligation, duty, and responsibility. Not every law is popular with all people; but the law is designed to serve mankind and not mankind to serve the law (Rowland, 2005). This in essence means that the law or a duty or an obligation that one party has towards another cannot be changed just like that. Agreements are binding legally and can only be nullified or revoked by mutual agreement between the parties to the agreement. So, as long as the law requires that there is no access, there ought to be no access. It is a universal law and is also fair – granting justice to the offender and the offended as well. In fact acting in the right way morally is only possible when the actors are made to have a sense of duty and responsibility. Without such a sense, they will tend to be less concerned (Rowland, 2005). Conclusion The difference between utilitarian and deontological approaches to life issues is that while the former justifies an act based on its inherent worth or utility, the latter purely bases the worth of an issue on its ability to adhere to ethical or moral issues which in turn are brought about by having a sense of duty. This means that the argument as to whether or not Justin Ellsworths Parents ought to have been allowed to gain access to their son’s emails is dependent on which side of the two theories one is considering. If it is the deontological one, then they ought not to be allowed it is against the law; but if it is utilitarianism then they deserve to be allowed for Justin Ellsworth was of great value to the country.

Genetic Engineering is Unethical :: Genetic Engineering Essays

Genetic engineering is a technology that has been created to alter DNA of different species to try and make them more improved. This essay will discuss the eugenics, the religious point of view about genetic engineering, genetically modified food and the genetic screening of embryos. In this essay it will be said wether genetic engineering is ethical or unethical. During 1924 Hitler said that everyone needs to be blond hair, blue eyes and white. This is known as Eugenics, thanks to a new science known as biotechnology in a few decades? people can custom make their children. The DNA can be changed so that the child?s appearance is altered and if they had a disease the scientist can take out the disease that causes it. Just because scientists can take out a gene that causes the disease how do they know that another disease can be created? They don?t that?s why many people don?t believe in designer children. If we start genetically modifying people ?We are going to have? as much knowledge? as much power as God.? In a way scientists that genetically modify do not have the right to do it. Scientists are considered to be playing God because they have come up with the technology and change species DNA so they look or behaviour completely different. Humans have forgotten that they are not God they cannot change people. Genetically modifying food is an advantage for Australia because without genetically modified food we would not be able to maintain our role in agriculture. Genetically modified food grows faster, costs less and lasts longer. An argument put forward about genetically modified food is that because it is cheaper and more can be produced the poorer countries can have genetically modified food and hopefully less people will die. The problem with this is that to set up a place where food is genetically modified and to hire people to modify the food is very expensive and if they are poorer countries there is a big chance they can not afford it. The procedure of genetic screening embryos allows the finding of a defective gene in an embryo. In many countries there is already a widespread programme to screen for the chromosome abnormality. Since this technology can change the information at the level of individual?

Credit Cards

PUBLIC SPEAKING Topic: The using credit card General purpose: To Persuade. Specific purpose: To persuade my audience about the using credit card Central idea : To persuade my audience about the benefits The benefits of using credit card Introduction: American Express, MasterCard and Visa Card are the more popular credit cards in Malaysia. With a credit card in hand, you can make purchases today and pay later, Body: 1) It makes shopping easy – Confidently walk into a shop and buy without having to first look into your wallet 2) Without having to carry loads of cash credit cards provide you the ease of dining at a restaurant without worrying whether you have the money in your wallet to pay for the food 3) All petrol stations nationwide accept credit cards – Making it easy for motorists to stop and fill up their tanks without worrying about having enough cash. 4) Taking a vacation out of town or even overseas can be easily and quickly. – Bookings and payments for tr avel and accommodation can be made via the phone or fax by just quoting your credit card number. Conclusion:Using credit cards also contributes toward the economy as a whole. At the same time, as long as consumer spending takes place, the government is also able to collect revenue in the form of taxes. Therefore, there is no doubt whatsoever that using credit cards has many advantages. BIBLIOGRAPHY American Express, MasterCard and Visa Card are the more popular credit cards in Malaysia. Many Malaysians today carry at least one such card especially since eligibility for such a credit card is a salary as low as RM20 000 per annum.With a credit card in hand, you can make purchases today and pay later, either in full or partially. This is only one of the many advantages and benefits of using a credit card. One of the greatest benefits of using a credit card is the fact that it makes shopping easy. Whether it is a pre-planned shopping trip or a ‘on the spur of the moment’ de cision to purchases an item that has caught your attention, you can confidently walk into a shop and buy without having to first look into your wallet to check if you have enough cash.You also do not have to walk to the automated teller machine to make a withdrawal to pay for your purchase. Besides the convenience of shopping without having to carry loads of cash, credit cards provide you the ease of dining at a restaurant without worrying whether you have the money in your wallet to pay for the food. Can you imagine, you do not even have to scrutinize the price of the dish on the menu and at the same time try to call to mind how much cash you have at hand. All you have to do is just order, eat and sign the receipt. You will be billed later.Today, almost all petrol stations nationwide accept credit cards, thus making it easy for motorists to stop and fill up their tanks without worrying about having enough cash. This not only gives motorist peace of mind when leaving home or driving long distance, but it also gives them a sense of security that they will not lose too much cash in the event of a robbery. Taking a vacation out of town or even overseas can be easily and quickly finalized as long as you have a credit card. All the necessary bookings and payments for travel and accommodation can be made via the phone or fax by just quoting your credit card number.So you can enjoy your vacation without having to worry about to carry so much cash on you. Besides that, using credit cards also contributes toward the economy as a whole. As long as people make purchases as often as they can afford it, there will be a healthy cash flow, constantly generating income for everyone in the retail, food and hospitality sectors. At the same time, as long as consumer spending takes place, the government is also able to collect revenue in the form of taxes. Therefore, there is no doubt whatsoever that using credit cards has many advantages.

Manage Under Uncertainty

University of Newcastle October 2012 [Yellow Auto Case Study] [GSBS6001 Individual Assignment] [By: Shih Yun Lin (3172398)] Executive Summery Managers are constantly faced with critical decisions that will heavily impact on the company’s competitive ability and profitability. This report will analyse the critical decisions made in the case study The Change Story of Yellow Auto Company from a sociologic decision making perspective.The case study presents four main decisions which are: increase of market share, change in decision management style, clarify job description and invest greater time and money in human resources. The analysis of these decisions centres on the relationships between employees and managers and the positive and negative attributes of group decision making. The case study demonstrates that the decisions made by Yellow Auto have been successful in achieving the organisational objective of an increase in market share and an improved human resources quality.R ecommendations have then been made in order to improve the company’s future decision making process including: a more consultative decision making process for high risk decisions, a hybrid management style, a different set up for job descriptions and quality management for human resources activities. Table of Contents Executive Summery2 Introduction3 Critical Decisions4 Increase of Market Share4 Change in Management Style5 Clarify Job Descriptions6 Invest Greater Time and Money in Human Resources6Recommendations7 Conclusion9 Reference List10 Introduction Companies must constantly make critical decisions in order to choose strategies in order to gain a competitive advantage or keep up in the rapidly evolving market. The factors influencing decisions and the relative advantages and disadvantages can be viewed from multiple perspectives. This report will analyse the decisions made in the case study The Change Story of Yellow Auto Company from a sociologic decision making perspec tive.The sociological perspective focuses on the patterns of social relationships, interaction and culture and how this impacts on the company’s decision making process. Various critical decisions have been made in this case study including: Increase of market share, change in decision management style, clarify job description and invest greater time and money in human resources. These decisions have all strongly impacted the company and will continue to impact it in the future.These decisions will be explored with a sociological focus, discussing positive and negative attributes of each decision. Recommendations will then be explored in regards to how the company can improve their decision making in the future. This case study report is based on credible research retrieved from published books and accredited journals obtained from the internet. Critical Decisions Increase of Market ShareThe first critical decision in the case study is the goal set in 2001, to increase Yellow Auto’s market share to 50%. This goal has been derived by the top managers alone and without any input for from the middle managers or front line staff. The managers believe the only way to achieve this goal is through an improvement in the human resource quality. There are many sociological factors in this decision including autocratic management style and small group decision making.Firstly Yellow Auto’s management style is comparable with that of McGregor’s Theory X management style in which top management makes all the decisions and maintain a strict control over the business (Mathis, 2010). This decision making and enforcing style can be effective due to the nature of small group decision making, in which smaller groups are able to reach consensus more easily. This is due to it being a more timely approach as lower number of people correlates to a reduced number of differing opinions and an increase in the participation of all members.The group is then abl e to work out the differences in points of view and come to an agreement. The communication flow from this point is then one way as determined by the autocratic style and the decision can be implemented throughout the rest of the organisation. There are also many negative attributes with the style of decision making however as the subordinates of Yellow Auto have not been included in the decision making process they may not be as motivated to implement the decisions made by the top managers.This is exacerbated in the case study as this decision to increase the market share of the company is risky due to the economic situation in Turkey. Turkey had experienced a financial crisis in both 2000 and 2001 the latter being ‘particularly far reaching in terms of its impact, resulting in a major collapse of output and employment’ (Onis, 2006). Accepting this level of risk without the consult of other employees can increase uncertainty within the company and cause employees to fe el segregated from the company.Furthermore the use of a small group in this decision making process has the potential of experiencing the Abilene paradox (Harvey in Teale, 2003:290) in which some top managers may not voice their concerns to avoid being discredited or appear to lose faith in the organisation. In order to identify and address these potential issues management of Yellow Auto decided to work with academics in the implementation of this decision. Change in Management Style Following an audit from the external consultants they proposed that the utocratic management style currently in use is a barrier preventing the company from achieving their goal of an increase in market share. Accepting this advice, the top management of Yellow Auto change to a more democratic management style opening systems of communication and the development of trust in employees throughout the organisation. This changes the group structure of Yellow Auto as where previously employees could be cons idered part of Scott’s out status, they have now have the opportunity to move up to the fringe status or actively participate as a primary set member (Scott in Harrison 1999:222).This leads to increased motivation with employees and gives them a greater connection to the company. By increasing the amount of people participating in decision making, Yellow Auto are able to utilize the diverse human resources that they have in order to generate more creative ideas and solutions to issues the company has. There are downsides into an increased group size however as reaching a consensus with more people is much more difficult. There is also an increase in the time it takes to make a decision and leads to unproductively and can create divisions within the company.Clarify Job Descriptions Another critical decision made in the case study is to interview all employees in order to analyse their jobs and clarify their job descriptions. This was completed due to employees stating that the ir responsibilities were not clear and authority and relationships were not clearly defined. Upon completing the analysis it was observed that some of the tasks between managers and employees were overlapping and steps were introduced in order to distinguish between tasks and develop more comprehensible job descriptions.By distinguishing and identifying employee’s roles, the relationships between the employees are explained and can lead to better understanding of authority and improve communication throughout the organisation (Mathis, 2010). It also prevents particular roles from overlapping and can ensure that the right employee is completing the necessary job. While ensuring that job descriptions are up to date and clearly defined this can also have some negative implications for the company. Firstly in order to complete this is very costly and time consuming.It can then freeze the job, preventing it from evolving and result in a lack of flexibility and remove initiative fr om the employee. By describing the responsibilities of the employees it reinforces the boundaries of responsibility and can lead to the ‘it's not my job’ (Mathis, 2010) reflex. Invest Greater Time and Money in Human Resources The final critical decision made in the case study was to invest greater time and money into human resources. This decision has a heavy focus on sociology with the relationship between employees and an emphasis on communication.Yellow Auto hired new staff to fit the right jobs and invested heavily in their training. Training included individual aspects such as interpersonal skills, time and stress management as well as group sessions which increase coordination and communication and team spirit. These training methods and exercises focus on building the characteristics of effective groups including: cohesion, group roles, norms, conformity and interaction (Ayson, 2012). Cohesion is created through the team building activities and the job descriptio ns which also lead to an understanding of the roles and norms of the group.This allows for group activities to be conducted in an acceptable manner with each member of the group knowing how to act and what duties they must perform. This creates an environment in which the employees can work together easily without confusion and make decisions as well as perform their individual tasks to an acceptable standard. These characteristics also have negative attributes and can encourage groupthink, where ‘independent critical thinking and objective moral judgment will be suspended in deference to group norms and in observance of group consensus’ (Harrison, 1999:184).Setting particular roles may also create a reliance on particular group members and if they are not present or leave, then the group suffers and is not able to operate without the person carrying out their tasks. A similar issue that is present with these three characteristics is the reduction in innovation as the g roup has set standards of behaviour and expectations the need or ability to generate innovative responses is reduced. Lack of innovation and individual thinking is also an issue with conformity.In order to demonstrate that the group is performing well and in order to reduce conflicts, individuals conform to the group’s suggestions and decisions (Popova, 2012). While this may be beneficial in the sense of reaching decisions and working cooperatively in order to achieve goals, it limits the effectiveness of the group and the results of the group could be the same as that of an individual. Another positive aspect of Yellow Autos investment in human resources is the group interaction achieved through this program.As the employees train and work together communication and teamwork skills are improved which results in a greater ability of the group to work together in order to achieve organisational goals. It also allows employees to understand how to use each individual’s s kills and abilities in order to improve the decision making process and produce superior outcomes. Recommendations The decisions made and the decision making process in the case study are open to criticism.The result of these decisions however demonstrates that the correct steps were taken in order to achieve and exceed the organisations goal of an increase in market share to 50%. In light of the success of Yellow Autos decisions there are still various recommendations that can be made including: a more consultative decision making process for high risk decisions, a hybrid management style, a different set up for job descriptions and quality management for human resources activities.. Firstly the decision to increase market share to 50% was a high risk decision which had potential to highly negatively impact the company.Due to the nature of this decision as high risk and potential impact to the majority of employees Yellow Autos managers should have not made this decision alone. Ins tead this should have been a consultative process with employees and academics to discuss the potential impacts and rewards of the decision. This will lead to motivation for the employees as they have been a part of this decision as well as increase in commitment to the company as the employees can feel valued by the organisation as they are playing an active role in its future (Teale, 2003).Secondly, the company’s management style began as autocratic and then changed to democratic at the request of the academics. Yellow Auto should not just use one management style, but a hybrid of the two in order to effectively make and enforce decisions. By using a hybrid management style the top managers can decide the level of employee consultancy depending on the nature of the decision and its affect on the company and employees.This will ensure that the right amount of employee contribution and new ideas are gathered as well as coming to a timely and efficient solution. Another recomm endation is how the job descriptions are set. While ensuring tasks are not overlapping and there is an understanding of employee’s roles and responsibilities are necessary, the job descriptions should not be written in a way that restricts the employee’s activities or discourages flexibility and initiative.Finally with the heavy investment in human resources Yellow Auto needs to ensure that these activities are quality controlled and that the group interactions and decision making activities are effective. For example this means that issues such as conformity need to be addressed and such as demonstrated in the Asch Paradigm in which managers can encourage individuals to speak up, which then in turn enables other employees to snap out of conformity (Popova, 2012). ConclusionA number of critical decisions have been raised in the case study including the decision to increase market share, change in management style, clarify job description and invest greater time and mon ey in human resources. The decision making process involved in reaching these decisions and the potential positive and negative outcomes have been analysed from a sociological perspective. The case study has demonstrated that these decisions have yielded the desired result of an increase in market share and had many other benefits towards the company.Even so various recommendations have been made in order to improve Yellow Autos decision making process and improve the successfulness of the company. Reference List Ayson, S. (2012). Managing Under Uncertainty: Sociology of Decision Making, Lecture Slides. Harrison, F. (1999). The Managerial Decision-Making Process. 5th Ed. Houghton Mifflin Mathis, R. (2010). Human Resource Management 13th Edition. South-Western Cengage Learning Onis, Z. (2006).Beyond the 2001 Financial Crisis: The Political Economy of the new Phase of Neo-Liberal Restructuring in Turkey. Retrieved October 19, 2012, from http://www. cesran. org/Dosyalar/MAKALELER/ZIYA_ ONIS_Beyond_the_2001_financial_crisis. pdf Popova, M. (2012). Elevator Groupthink: A Psychology Experiment in Conformity, 1962. Retrieved October 19, 2012, from http://www. brainpickings. org/index. php/2012/01/13/asch-elevator-experiment/ Teale, M. (2003). Management Decision-Making: Towards an Integrated Approach. Pearson

What Dia She Say

What Dia She Say Art of Diverse Cultures What Did She Say? There is this wonderful painting by a Native Amirican named Juan "Quick to See" Smith. In this particular painting we see two figures faceing one other and what looks as if they are having a conversation. It is believed that "Quick to See" Smith is speaking to her ancestor however, we are not quite sure we know what about. That is what I plan to do There are so many questions one could ask their ancestors. I don't really know much about were I came from but I do remember asking my mom. She told me that I am a bit Cherokee Native American and somewhat related to the Wright brothers. " Quick to See " Smith, whose heritage and life style is almost completely gone, is standing, asking questions that cannot be interpreted. When I look at the painting, I see a Childs finger painting figures with every stroke of color and words so small that they are just that, words.The Wright brothers at the International Aviation ...

The History of Video Recorders and Television

The History of Video Recorders and Television Charles Ginsburg led the research team at Ampex Corporation in developing one of the first practical videotape recorders or VTRs in 1951. It captured live images from television cameras by converting the information into electrical impulses and saving the information on magnetic tape. By 1956, VTR technology was perfected and in common use by the television industry. But Ginsburg wasn’t done yet. He led the Ampex research team in developing a new machine that could run the tape at a much slower rate because the recording heads rotated at high speed. This allowed the necessary high-frequency response. He became known as the father of the video cassette recorder.†Ã‚  Ampex sold the first VTR for $50,000 in 1956, and the first VCassetteRs or VCRs were sold by Sony in 1971. The Early Days of Video Recording Film was initially the only medium available for recording television programs magnetic tape was considered, and it was already being used for sound, but the greater quantity of information carried by the television signal demanded new studies. A number of American companies began investigating this problem during the 1950s.   Tape Recording Technology Audio and video magnetic recording have had a greater impact on broadcasting than any other development since the invention of radio/TV transmission itself. Videotape in a large cassette format was  introduced by both JVC and Panasonic around 1976. This was the most popular format for home use and for video store rentals for many years until it was replaced by CDs and DVDs. VHS stands for Video Home System. The First Television Cameras American engineer, scientist and inventor Philo Taylor Farnsworth devised the television camera in the 1920s, although he would later declare that theres nothing on it worthwhile. It was an â€Å"image dissector† that converted a captured imagine into an electrical signal. Farnsworth was born in 1906 on Indian Creek in Beaver County, Utah.  His parents expected him to become a concert violinist but his interests drew him to experiments with electricity. He built an electric motor and produced the first electric washing machine his family ever owned at the age of 12. He then went on to attend Brigham Young University where he researched television picture transmission. Farnsworth had already conceived of his idea for television while in high school, and he cofounded Crocker Research Laboratories in 1926 which he later renamed Farnsworth Television, Inc. He then changed the name again to Farnsworth Radio and Television Corporation in 1938. Farnsworth was the first inventor to transmit a television image comprised of 60 horizontal lines in 1927. He was only 21 years old. The image was a dollar sign. One of the keys to his success was the development of the  dissector tube that essentially translated images into electrons that could be transmitted to a TV. He filed for his first television patent in 1927. He had already won an earlier patent for his image dissection tube, but he lost later patent battles to RCA, which owned the rights to many of inventor  Vladimir Zworkyin’s  TV patents. Farnsworth went on to invent over 165 different devices. He held over 300 patents by the end of his career, including a number of significant television patents although he was not a fan of what his discoveries had wrought. His final years were spent battling depression and alcohol. He died on March 11, 1971, in Salt Lake City, Utah. Digital Photography and Video Stills Digital camera technology is directly related to and evolved from the same technology that once recorded  television  images. Both television/video cameras and digital cameras use a CCD or charged coupled device to sense light color and intensity. A still video or digital camera called the Sony Mavica single-lens reflex was first demonstrated in 1981. It used a fast-rotating magnetic disc that was two inches in diameter and could record up to 50 images formed in a solid-state device inside the camera. The images were played back through a television receiver or monitor, or they could be printed out. Advancements in Digital Technology   NASA converted from using analog to digital signals with their space probes to map the surface of the moon in the 1960s, sending digital images back to earth. Computer technology was also advancing at this time and NASA used computers to enhance the images that the space probes were sending.  Digital imaging had another government use at the time – in spy satellites. Government use of digital technology helped advance the science of digital imaging, and the private sector also made significant contributions. Texas Instruments patented a filmless electronic camera in 1972, the first to do so. Sony released the Sony Mavica electronic still camera in August 1981, the first commercial electronic camera. Images were recorded onto a mini disc and placed into a video reader that was connected to a television monitor or color printer. The early Mavica cannot be considered a true digital camera, however, even though it started the digital camera revolution. It was a video camera that took video freeze-frames. The First Digital Cameras   Since the mid-1970s, Kodak has invented several solid-state image sensors that convert  light to digital pictures for professional and home consumer use. Kodak scientists invented the worlds first megapixel sensor in 1986, capable of recording 1.4 million pixels that could produce a 5 x 7-inch digital photo-quality print. Kodak released seven products for recording, storing, manipulating, transmitting and printing electronic still video images in 1987, and in 1990, the company developed the Photo CD system and proposed the first worldwide standard for defining color in the digital environment of computers and computer peripherals. Kodak released the first professional digital camera system (DCS), aimed at photojournalists in 1991, a Nikon F-3 camera equipped with a 1.3-megapixel sensor. The first digital cameras for the consumer  market that would work with a home computer via a serial cable were the Apple QuickTake camera in 1994, the Kodak DC40 camera in 1995, the Casio QV-11 also in 1995, and Sonys Cyber-Shot Digital Still Camera in 1996. Kodak entered into an aggressive co-marketing campaign to promote its DC40 and to help introduce the idea of digital photography to the public. Kinkos and Microsoft both collaborated with Kodak to create digital image-making software workstations and kiosks which allowed customers to produce photo CD discs and add digital images to documents. IBM collaborated with Kodak in making an Internet-based network image exchange. Hewlett-Packard was the first company to make color inkjet printers that complemented the new digital camera images. The marketing worked and now digital cameras are everywhere.

Exploring Your Family's or a Friend's History of Immigration and how Essay

Exploring Your Family's or a Friend's History of Immigration and how it connects to some of the stories in The life stories - Essay Example When the opportunity came for Filipinos to be in America as Navy recruit or contracted worker, grandfather Protacio’s parents seized the opportunity and enlisted him to join the latter. As the oldest child in the family, grandfather Protacio was forced to accept the opportunity to help his family and build a better future for himself in the United States. Grandfather Protacio left the Philippines to be one of the â€Å"1946 boys† who arrived in U.S. territory as a contracted worker in farmlands. Much like the Syrian immigrants who were awed with the grandeur of New York (Holt 249), grandfather Protacio was equally awed by the richness of American farms compared to the ailing farms in his province and spent so much time at the farm during the day and exploring the city at night that he forgot his responsibilities in the Philippines for a while. Grandfather Protacio has heard a lot of America and its greatness as â€Å"the land of freedom and civilization† (Holt 25 7) thus, he was caught off guard to the racial discrimination when he arrived the same with the Japanese who felt humiliated because of discrimination and abused in his domestic job (Holt 260). At the time grandfather Protacio arrived in the U.S., the Congress has passed a law that permits Filipinos to qualify as American citizens. Despite of this, racial discrimination to Filipinos was very high. According to Melendy in his article â€Å"Filipino Americans†, Filipinos were discriminated due to their skin color and inability to speak English like the white Americans. Like the story of the Chitkara family and the Indian Ab-nen-la-de-ni who experienced the language barrier, grandfather Protacio had difficulty expressing his thoughts and feelings at work due to his limited English. He must â€Å"speak English or remain silent† (Holt 210) not only as a requirement but because the other employees were also immigrants of different nationalities and the only language they can communicate to each other is in English. Although farm works were not new to grandfather Protacio since he came from a family of farmers, the intense labor requiring more hours in the field, irregular meal provision, and unfit clothing for different seasons has taken its toll on his health. Striving to get off in his current situation, grandfather Protacio bargained with his employer to allow him to be a working student. Like Ab-nen-la-de-ni, grandfather Protacio â€Å"went to school in the morning and work in the afternoon† (Holt 211) and did his home works at night in a dimly lit room shared with the other farm workers. The bargain though has been difficult because the wife of his employer did not agree to allow non-American workers to attend school. If the Indian suffered from the attack and mismanagement of the Head Directress in the Institute (Holt 216), grandfather Protacio suffered from mistreatment of his employer’s wife by working unpaid overtime and was accu sed of stealing and selling boxes of fruits in the city. Worst of all, his employment visa was not renewed forcing him to resign and looked for another job that could ensure his stay in the country since he cannot afford to go back empty handed in the Philippines. Grandfather Protacio was desperate but his desire to succeed and help his family fueled him to continue despite the meager amount of money left in his wallet. Fortunately, he found a job in the

Medical Reimbursement Methodologies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Medical Reimbursement Methodologies - Essay Example The Blue Cross and Blue Shield Plans were really the blue prints from modern health insurance. That which started as a hospital plan for public school teachers at the Baylor University Hospital, became the model for Blue Cross Plans around the US. Essentially, these were prepaid plans for hospital services under a contractual agreement. Blue Cross dates back to 1933 where with support from American Hospital Association, this started as a nonprofit plan that covered only hospital charges. By 1946, this plan spread across 43 states and starting from 9% in 1940, in 1950, it covered about 57% of the population. In order to avoid conflict with the in-clinic private practice, to start with this was hospital oriented. This was endorsed by AMA, and later a new plan evolved in 1939, which was known as Blue Shield, and this evolved through development of active service plans. This was sign of commitment to private health insurance as the means to spread the financial risk of sickness without f ear of threatening personal interests of the physician. These plans were literally responses to challenge thrown by national health insurance. In due course of time, they started working together to provide both hospital and physician coverage. Now, these plans jointly provide a comprehensive care through either joint corporations or close working relationships. Since these plans were not for profit to begin with, the commercial insurance providers were skeptical to start with, but later, with the success of these plans, they also started providing health insurance. 3. Explain why the lack of universal health care coverage can raise health care costs. If there is a lack in universal healthcare coverage, there is cost involved in healthcare. Those who are uninsured and uncovered, they will have to pay from their pocket. Therefore, they try to tolerate symptoms and ignore

Risperidone and the Treatment of Schizophrenia Essay

Risperidone and the Treatment of Schizophrenia - Essay Example Therefore, this literature review proposes addressing the following: Background: Use and Mechanisms: Risperidone is the most widely recommended, second-generation antipsychotic medication for schizophrenia. It blocks excess of dopamine type 2 and serotonin 5-HT2 receptors, and lack of H1 histanminergic, and alpha 2 adrenergic receptors on nerves which cause schizophrenia, by binding to the receptors (Curran & Keating, 2006; Love & Conley, 2004; Pajonk, 2004; Robson & Gray, 2007). Therefore, risperidone has effective clinical outcomes in the treatment of schizophrenia. It is more effective in reducing positive symptoms and more directly effective in decreasing the negative symptoms than the typical antipsychotics (Parjonk, 2003). Also, in a study by Marder (cited in Parjonk, 2003), it was shown that the rate of relapse and rehospitalisation of patients receiving long-term risperidone therapy is much lower than those treated with typical, and other atypical antipsychotics. In addition, it has more significantly beneficial effects on the reduction of af fective symptoms, cognitive symptoms, and the improvement of patients' quality of life compared with typical antipsychotics. ... Therefore, patients with schizoaffective disorders can be improved rapidly by the use of risperidone. Compared with typical antipsychotics, risperidone has a lower risk of adverse effects. In the investigation by Csernansky, Mahmoud, & Brenner (cited in Parjonk, 2003), it was proved that incidents of extrapyramidal side effects (EPSs) of risperidone are more reduced than those experienced with haloperidol. In particular, there is no relationship between cardiac arrest and use of risperidone; therefore, it is safer and more tolerable, reducing the cardiac risk factors. Side Effects of the Use of Risperidone, Expressed in the Literature: In spite of the numerous beneficial effects on risperidone for patients with schizophrenia, adverse effects continue to be a considerable issue relevant to its use. The most recurrent side effects are dizziness, somnolence, insomnia, agitation, and psychosis (Curran & Keating, 2006; Love & Conley, 2004). Also, weight gain is an important side effect, which can lead to diabetes. One of the most highlighted potential adverse effects of higher dose risperidone is EPSs, such as acute dystonia, akathisia, Parkinsonism and TD. In particular; TD can contribute to dysfunction and disturbance of a patient's quality of life, such as social isolation (Courey, 2007). TD is evidenced by abnormal uncontrolled movements of face, mouth, lips, trunk and limbs, such as facial tics, tongue thrusts and rocking trunk, caused by long-term antipsychotics use. Studies have shown that prolonged use of antipsychotic medications such as rispe ridone may induce TD. It was believed that the relationship between risperidone and TD is due to the abnormal production or excessive growth of dopamine receptors, and highly active atoms which then damage

Effects on Individual Preparation for Work

Effects on Individual Preparation for Work Individual Assignment- Three Future Trends Lim Mei Nuan This assignment will talk about the three future trends that will have positive effect for an individual preparation for work and how one of it has the most impact for an individual to prepare for work. Three future trends that I will discuss are the â€Å"use of new technologies for training delivery†, â€Å"increased emphasis on capturing and sharing intellectual capital† and â€Å"increased use of true performance support and social learning†. Nowadays, the growing and use of new technologies is continuously changing and this can show that the use of new technologies in learning will be taking place. Increased uses of new technologies will definitely help students to gain knowledge and better prepare for the workforce. However, not every individual will accept the increased use of new technologies into the learning environment. Therefore, effective learning will attract an individual to increase use of new technologies (Winn, 2002). This is because effective learning can be occurred through informal learning (Roy, 2010). Informal learning means the learner controls the learning process that includes when to start an action and this process will not involve an instructor or a trainer and totally control by the learner (Noe, 2013). Informal learning is the critical aspect for increased use of new technologies; this is because it involves the student interactions with the peers and lecturer, sharing experience and knowledge o f study (Winn, 2002). This informal learning can happen through different methods, such as e-mail and social networking websites (Noe, 2013). Furthermore, this will become more usual as combined social networking tools and Web tools to create this easier to implement (Roy, 2010). Thus, this can increase use of new technology and also can increase emphasis on capturing and sharing intellectual capital. Nevertheless, informal learning can help students to increase the chance for learning and sharing knowledge (Allen Lewis, 2006). Students will know how to social interaction with others by using the social networking that allows the students to enhance the collaboration with peers and lecturer, increased informal learning and discussion. Social interaction can help the student to use time productive because students can learns knowledge with and others through the social networking platforms (Brotherton, 2011). This also can be explained that social learning can help students to share their knowledge, experiences and information through social networking tools (Noe, 2013). This assists students to gain more knowledge compare to previously they must attend class only can obtain information. Students are not required to spend time to travel to school or college and they can directly get knowledge through social networking platforms and Web tools. Furthermore, all learning process will become very easy and convenient because the student can use social networking tools such as iPhone, iPad and notebooks to gain knowledge. Therefore, increased use of true performance support and social learning can bring a huge impact for students to gain more knowledge and experience. Increased the use of new technologies such as the Internet can promote the collaborative activities in college and this can increase the students to engage in the activities and encourage to talk in class and knowing more information about the subject (Goldman et al., 1996). This can be said that when increase the use of new technologies, will increase emphasis on capturing and sharing intellectual capital and thus will increase use of true performance support and social learning. All these new sets of future trends should include in the learning environment to help students to prepare for the future. The most important future trend is increased use of new technologies for training delivery. The use of new technologies is not only preparing students to step into the workplace it also enhances students to learn new information and to think critically when using new technologies (Kidwell, Linde Johnson, 2000). Increased use of new technologies can increase the student’s critical thinking skills and this can produce high productivity for the task (Wang, 2012). An organization is looking for an individual who can solve problems critically, can communicate well with others about ideas and information and those can collaborate with colleagues (Beers, 2012). Higher education institutions are using the technologies to enhance the student’s social learning, performance and intellectual aspects (Kidwell, Linde Johnson, 2000). For instance, many universities are using e-learning to deliver the educational material through electronic media such as internet, video/audio tape an d CDs. By using the new technologies for training delivery, the content is easy to understand, easy to access and easy to update the information (Beers, 2012). It also can help the student to perform the task in an efficient and effective ways (Chizmar Walbert, 1999). Through the e-learning, it can give the student the flexibility in where and when they want for accessing the educational material (Song, Singleton, Hill, Koh, 2004). Research had shows that students who are used to the new technologies to create an electronic school yearbook were having a high level of confidence and more active in the task commitment (Liu, 1998). This result indicates that used of new technologies can have a positive effect on the students. Utilizing technology can enhance the students to share their knowledge with others and increase the development for the workplace (Kidwell, Linde Johnson, 2000). For example, this can increase the productivity and the quality of work, enhance the collaboration with colleagues and increased the motivation of the students and all of these can help the students to prepare in the workplace (Chandra, Theng, Lwin, Foo, 2009). In 21st century, many students cannot apply what they have learned from the college into the real world problem (Daggett, 2010). This problem can overcome through the uses of technologies. This is because technologies tools can provide students to apply the theories in the different settings. According to Scheffler and Logan (1999) stated that integrating technology can help students to analyze, evaluate and applying the theories and the knowledge into a real life situation. It means that it uses technology tools to sustenance the learning objective and enhance the student problem solving skills and critical thinking skills. In this digital age, teachers and educators play an important role to help students to be well prepared to enter the workforce. This is because teachers can use of new technologies as supporting tools to help them to enrich their teaching method and increase the student learning (Koc, 2005). Teachers should help students to utilize the technologies tools in a proper way (Koc, 2005). Technology should be used effectively and consistently in the learning environment and teaching materials can be delivered through technology tools to help the students to improve their study (Schwarz, 2000). For example, teacher can play a short video clip for helping the students to understand the concepts and theory through the visuals. It also can aid the teachers to benefit the student to build networks with other countries (Davidson, 2000). Sinclair (2009) reported that the effectiveness of technology in the classroom is depends on the teacher competency levels and how the teacher uses the technolog y. Furthermore, teachers should create awareness for the students to know about why technology is being used and explained to the students that how this new technology can help them in their learning process (Sinclair, 2009). Research shows that there is a positive effect for students learning in mathematics and science through technology tools (Roschelle et al., 2000). This shows that teachers and educators should always use technology tools in teaching and learning to help students to make use of these tools. Therefore, teachers should practice using the new technologies in the teaching process. In addition, the collaboration between universities and industry is important for the lecturer and trainers to upgrade and widening their knowledge as well as the capability to use the new technologies (Kidwell, Linde Johnson, 2000). This can build the foundation for the lecturer and trainers to use the new technologies and also for students (Matthew, 2014). This foundation can also increase the awareness of and the experience to use the new technologies effectively (Matthew, 2014). Moreover, it can help lecturer and trainers to build confidence and knowledge when using the new technologies (Matthew, 2014). Therefore, it provides direct information and the current knowledge for the lecturer and also for the students. Moreover, students should ne advances using tacit knowledge in order to use the new technologies in an effective way. This is because tacit knowledge includes personal experience and ideas and relationship with other people, it is very difficult to explain it out or write it down (Kidwell, Linde Johnson, 2000). Tacit knowledge is important in various high-tech productions such as electronics, telecommunication and aircraft production all are based on tacit knowledge (Rosenberg, 1982; Vincenti, 1984). Therefore, advances using tacit knowledge can improve an individual to prepare for work in the future. Technology not only can use an educational tool for teachers and students it also can be implemented into the curriculum. This can serve to enrich the understanding and increase the academic performance of the students (Klein, 2010). Past research had shows that implemented the digital technology into the curriculum can help students to participate and increase their motivation to involve in the activities, and increase the student decision making skills (Abbott Shaikh, 2005). This result shows that it helps students to engage in the activities and motivated the students to involve in the whole process. Therefore, implemented the technology into the curriculum can prepare the students before enter into the workplace. In conclusion, problem solving skills, critical thinking skills and can work collaborative with other people are very important to help students to be well prepared to enter the workforce. Teachers and educators can guide students and provides students to use the new technologies in an effective and successful way. Reference Abbott, C., Shaikh, A. (2005). Visual representation in the Digital Age: Issues arising from a case study of digital media use and representation by pupils in multicultural school settings. Language Education: An International Journal, 19(6), 455-466. Allen, B., Lewis, D. (2006). Virtual learning communities as a vehicle for workforce development: A case study. Journal of Workplace Learning, 18(6), 367-383. doi: 10.1108/13665620610682099 Beers, S. Z. (2012). 21st century skills: preparing students for their future. In STEM Education Coalition, 1-6. Retrieved from http://www.yinghuaacademy.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/21st_century_skills.pdf Brotherton, P. (2011). Social Networks Enhance Employee Learning. T+D, 65(4), 18-19. Chandra, S., Theng, Y., O. Lwin, M., Foo, S. (2009). Examining the role of cognitive absorption for information sharing in virtual worlds. Conference Papers — International Communication Association, 1-33. Chizmar, J. F., Walbert, M. S. (1999). Web-based learning environments guided by principles of good teaching practice. Journal of Economic Education, 248-264. Daggett, W. R. (2010). Preparing students for their technological future. International Center for Leadership in Education. Retrieved from http://www. leadered. com/pdf/Preparing Students for Tech Future white paper. pdf. Davidson, S. (2000). Teaching with the world wide web. Phi Delta Kappan, 37, 13-16. Goldman, S.R., Petrosino, A.J., Sherwood, R.D., Garrison, S., Hickey, D., Bransford, J. D., Pellegrino. (1996). Anchoring science in multimedia learning environments. In S. Vosniadou, E. De Corte, R. Glaser, and H. Mandl (Eds.). International perspectives on the psychological foundations of technology based learning environments. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Kidwell, J. J., Linde, K. M. V., Johnson, S. L. (2000). Applying corporate knowledge management practices in higher education. Educause Quarterly, 4, 28-33. Klein, J. D. (2010). When you cant bring your classroom to the world, bring the world into your classroom. Youth Media Reporter, 486-88. Koc, M. (2005). Implications of learning theories for effective technology integration and pre-service teacher training: a critical literature review. Journal of Turkish Science Education, 2(1), 2-18. Liu, M. (1998). A study of engaging high-school students as multimedia designers in a cognitive apprenticeship-style learning environment. Computers in Human Behavior, 14, 387–415. Matthew, H. (2014, July 2). Further Education Workforce Strategy: The Government’s strategy to support workforce excellence in further education. Department for Business, Innovation Skills, 1-29. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/further-education-workforce-strategy Noe, R. A. (2013). Employee Training and Development (6th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hull. Rosenberg, N. (1982). Inside the black box: Technology and economics. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Roschelle, J. M., Pea, R. D., Hoadley, C. M., Gordin, D. N., Means, B. M. (2000). Changing how and what children learn in school with computer-based technologies. Children and Computer Technology, 10(2), 76-101. Retrieved from http://www.futureofchildren.org Roy, J. N. (2010). Transforming informal learning into competitive advantage. T + D, 64(10), 23-25. Scheffler, F., Logan, J. (1999). Computer technology in schools: what teachers should know and be able to do. Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 31, 305- 325. Schwarz, G. (2000). Renewing teaching through media literacy. Phi Delta Kappan, 37, 8- 12. Sinclair, G. B. (2009). Is Larry Cuban right about the impact of computer technology on student learning? Nawa: Journal of Language Communication, 3(1), 46-54. Song, L., Singleton, E., Hill, J., Koh, M. (2004). Improving online learning: Student perceptions of useful and challenging characteristics. The internet and higher education, 7(1), 5970. doi: 10.1016/j.iheduc.2003.11.003. Vincenti, W.G. (1984). Technological knowledge without science: The innovation of flush riveting in American airplanes, ca. 1930-ca. 1950. Technology and Culture, 25(3), 540-576. Wang, V. (2012). Encyclopedia of E-Leadership ,Counseling and Training. Hershey, PA: IGI Global. Winn, W. (2002). Current trends in educational technology research: the study of learning environment. Educational Psychology Review, 14(3), 331-351.