Domination Of North America :: American History

During the late 1600s and the to the mid-1700s, countries fought for land and power in order to have global domination. While several countries fought for the same cause, firmness of purpose their differences was closely impossible, and this often led to more wars and conflicts. One of the many conflicts concerned the domination of North America. While many European powers competed for control of North America, Britain gained the approximately territory through the four French and Indian wars, magnate Williams War, Queen Annes War, King Georges War, and the French and Indian War. As these wars progressed, Britain achieved the more or less success and eventually became the most dominant power in North America. King Williams War, which occurred from between 1689 to 1697, was the first of a series of colonial conflicts between France and England for supremacy in North America. It started when King William III of England allied himself with the League of Augsburg cert ain German states, Spain, Sweden, Austria, and the Netherlands, to oppose French expansion. In America, King Williams War, or otherwise called The War of the Grand bond certificate or the War of the League of Augsburg, was fought between the English and its Indian allies and the French and its Indian allies. The first major conflict occurred on February 9, 1690 when the French and Indian forces from Montreal attacked and burned Schenectady, New York. The English responded by the seizure of Port Royal on May 11, 1690. However, it was recaptured a year later by the French. The city of Quebec was excessively attacked by English forces in their first major military operation of King Williams War, but they were obstructed by the French troops. The war ceased in a stalemate and officially ended with the Treaty of Ryswick, which ended the fighting in America and Europe, and returned all colonial possessions to their prewar status. After a brief chasten of peace, the colonists we re obliged to face another long and murderous war. Queen Annes War was the second in a series of four wars fought between France and Great Britain in North America for control of the continent. It was part of the War of the Spanish Succession in Europe and it occurred between 1702 and 1713. In February, 1704 at daybreak, a party of nearly four hundred French and Indians attacked New England from Canada and broke upon the town of Deerfield, Massachusetts.

Legislative Influence on the Economy :: essays research papers

Legislative Influence on the Economy Throughout history, there have been instances of the government alter the scrimping, be it with the B.U.S. or with the Fair trade union movement Standards Act, the government has played an important role in our economy. The government rescued the United States from the Great Depression by increasing demand and lowering taxes. During the 80s, the United States was forced into a recession that threatened to destroy the economy. Both instances were due to intervention of the government to the economy. most of the government intervention is done by subsidy, which is a form of economic aid to assist a private enterprise, but a good learn is also done by legislation. There are many areas in which the government influences the economy through legislation. One area influenced by legislation is occupancy. Calvin Coolidge said, The business of America is business. The government has seen to it that it is fair with this. During the late 1800s and early 1900s, several bills focusing on breaking up the trusts were passed with unanimity. It began with the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. This Act outlawed and restraint on trade or competition, and caused the breakup of the Standard Oil trust into twenty different companies. Another area where legislation has been used to help control the economy was in trade. With the breaking up of large trusts and monopolies with the Sherman Anti-Trust Act, A group had to be able to enforce the new laws, and so in 1914, the Federal Trade military commission Act was passed, months before the Clayton Anti-Trust Act was passed to fill in the gaps left by the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. With all of these new companies sprouting up, an increase in the number of jobs occurred, but it is no surprise that workers were not being paid fair wages, and so in the area of labor, the government passed the Fair Labor Standards Act. This act created the way by which everybody plant today. A minimum wage, 40- hour work week, and control of child labor. This legislation itself was invoked by large labor unions such as the American Federation of Labor (AFL) and the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), both of which sought to improve working conditions and wages through negotiations with employers. One overdue act was the Meat Inspection Act, largely influenced by Upton Sinclairs The Jungle. The act was passed in 1960, long overdue considering the circumstances.

Dictating Lies and Deception Essay -- Terrorism, Bush

September 11, 2001 marked a tragic day in the history of the United States a terrorist attack had left the country shaken. It did not take long to determine those who were behind the attack and a call for retribution swept through the nation. Citizens in a wave of patriotism sign up for military service and the United States found resounding international support for their efforts in the war on terror. Little opposition was raised at the removal of the Taliban regime and there was much support for bringing Osama Bin pissed and the leaders of al-Qaeda to justice. Approval abroad diminished approximately a year and a half later when Afghanistan became a stepping stone to the administrations larger ambition, the invasion of Iraq. The administration would invent several stories and in nearly cases remain silent of the truth where would prove positive for the Iraqi invasion. It seems they were willing to say anything to promote the largely unpopular and unnecessary war they were resolv ed on engaging in.Bush had been eager to go to war with Iraq from the moment he stepped into office and the administrations focus was chiefly on Iraq even before the war in Afghanistan had begun. In Where Men Win Glory, the text reveals that in November 2001, President Bush and Vice President Cheney had instructed Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld to secretly create a exact plan for the invasion of Iraq (Krakauer 192). Though it is almost unthinkable, the United States had been attacked this very month by al-Qaeda. The government should have been duty bound on capturing Osama Bin Laden and disbanding the terrorist group al-Qaeda. Instead, they were fashioning Iraqi invasion plans. Krakauer establishes additional proof of this stating, th... ...n Iraq to be over.Yet, the war was far from over and Iraqis were still fighting against what they perceived as an melodic line of their country by the United States. As poignantly realized five years later when over 10,000 Iraqis assembl ed at the very location of the statues toppling for a truly historic event. The New York Times describes that the Iraqis gathered in Baghdads Firdos Square to protest the security agreement with the United States that is scheduled for a voter turnout and demonstrators hanged a black-hooded effigy of President Bush from a column with powerful symbolism it supported the statue of Saddam Hussein that was toppled by American troops in April 2003 (Farrell et al.).In May of the following year the Bush Administration would revisit its previous devices to conceal the truth of the circumstances surrounding the death of Patrick Tillman.

The Role of Human Resource Management Related to Sexual Harassment in t

The Role of Human election Management (HRM) Related to Sexual Harassment in the Hospitality IndustryTable of Contents intro 1The Role of Human Resource Management (HRM) related to Sexual Harassment in Hospitality Industry2The Important Efforts of Human Resource Management (HRM) to Overcome Sexual Harassment in Hospitality Industry4Conclusion6References 7IntroductionIn May 2011 occasion IMF chief Dominique Strauss-Kahn was arrested for sexual assault employees in the hotel Sofitel in the buff York (ehotelier.com, 2013).The quote above shows an interesting role to study related to sexual harassment in the cordial reception industry. A sexual harassment case was begun when Strauss-Kahn was a managing director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) would have been arrested caused by presumptive that he raped a 32-year old hotel employee at the Sofitel Hotel in New York. According to the hotel employee, the event began when Strauss-Kahn emerged from the bathroom and suddenly did se xual assault in the room at the Sofitel hotel in New Yorks Times Square. Then Strauss-Kahn left the hotel after the sexual harassment. But a few hours later, police arrested Strauss-Kahn on the Air France flight, 10 minutes before the savourless was to fly to Paris. New Yorks court prosecutor demanded Strauss-Kahn with three counts two charges of first-degree sex offenses, one count of first-degree attempted raped and first-degree sexual abuse. In the end, the case of sexual harassment made by Strauss-Kahn ended by agreeing the payment of money to hotel employee at the Sofitel New York Hotel with secret in number.This case is certainly a challenge that must be faced by the company due to such events either directly or indire... ...com News Archives. ONLINE Available at http//ehotelier.com/hospitality-news/item.php?id=P20921_0_11_0_C. Accessed 09 litigate 2013.Sofitel Maid in Strauss-Kahn Scandal ehotelier.com News Archives. 2013. Sofitel Maid in Strauss-Kahn Scandal ehotelier.c om News Archives. ONLINE Available at http//ehotelier.com/hospitality-news/item.php?id=P20921_0_11_0_C. Accessed 09 March 2013.Sabitha, M., (2008), Sexual Harassment Awareness develop at Workplace Can it effect Administrators Perception? JOAAG, Vol. 3(2) 1-16.Willness, C.R., Steel, P. and Lee, K. (2007), A meta-analysis of the antecedents and consequences of workplace sexual harassment, Personnel Psychology, Vol. 60, pp. 127-62.Worsfold, P., & McCann, C., (2000), Supervised Experience and Sexual Harassment,International ledger of Contemporary Hospitality, Vol. 12(4) 249-255.

Slavery :: Slavery Essays

Justify SlaveryReparations are intended to make up for the unjustified actions of the past. By doing so, it punishes the spate of now to make up for the actions from the people in the past. Should a person in immediatelys generation suffer for the actions of our ancestors? Should one collect supererogatory benefits for the misfortunate of their ancestors? By offering special benefits, would it solve or make up for the injustice of slavery? African Americans did suffer in the past from the injustice of slavery. enlist in mind that it was the past, and the injustice of slavery does not affect African Americans in todays day and time. White Americans in todays day and time did not own or have anything to do with slavery. If one was to be punished or receive special benefits it should be the people that slavery directly affected.In the history of the United States the American Indians were slaughtered, and are still collecting for the injustice actions of the past. America is stil l providing help, and handing out special benefits. American Indians receive special benefits such as land being put aside called reservations, allowed to put up casinos, and are able to receive scholarship bullion for college with fewer qualifications. The experience that the American Indians went through was a lot worse than the experience that the African Americans faced. In both cases I believe that the people of today should not have to feel guilty for the actions of their ancestors. If the Unites States developed reparations program for the injustice of slavery of African Americans it would create no good but only conflict. 2 wrongs do not make a right. Punishing the people of today for the actions of the past creates reverse racism. Its simply stating that because one is African American that he or she deserves special benefits. It forms racism towards other races. It is saying that just because one is not African American that they do not deserve to receive special treatme nt, and that they are not as good as African Americans. African Americans today were never slaves, nor were white Americans today slave owners. African Americans have acquire from slavery, and do not need any extra help. It is more satisfying to accomplish something on ones own.

Flappers and Mothers: New Women in the 1920s Essay -- American History

Flappers and Mothers New Wo workforce in the 1920s Frederick Lewis Allen, in his famous chronicle of the 1920s lone(prenominal) Yesterday, contended that womens growing independence had accelerated a revolution in manners and morals in American society (95). The 1920s did bring material changes to the lives of American women. World War I, industrialization, suffrage, urbanization, and birth control increased womens economic, political, and sexual freedom. However, with these advances came pressure to conform to powerful but contradictory archetypes. Women were expected to be both flapper and wife, sex object and mother. Furthermore, Hollywood and the emerging science of advertising increasingly tied conceptions of femininity to a specific standard of physical smasher attainable by few. By 1930, American women (especially affluent whites) had won newfound power and independence, but still lived in a sexist culture where their sexual urge limited their opportunities and defined their place in society. World War I and industrialization both brought greater economic autonomy to American women. With immigration curtailed and hundreds of thousands of men needed for the armed forces, womens labor became a wartime necessity. About 1.5 million women worked in paying jobs during the war, with many more employed as volunteers or secretaries and yeomen for the Army, Navy, and Marines (James and Wells, 66). Women maintained few of those 1.5 million jobs after men returned from war, but the United States industrialized postwar economy soon provided enough work for men and women alike. Once captive to nursing, social work, teaching, or secretarial jobs, women began to find employment in new fields. According to Allen, They ... ...r and a dutiful mother. Furthermore, large groups of American women were, by the basis of raceway or class, automatically excluded from the new womanhood. Despite significant advances, the decade of the 1920s ended much as it had beganAmerican women, considered second-rate citizens, struggled to define femininity on their own terms.Works CitedAllen, Frederick Lewis. Only Yesterday An Informal History of the Nineteen-Twenties. New York Harper & Brothers, 1931.DEmilio, John and Estelle B. Freedman. Intimate Matters A History of Sexuality in America. 2nd ed. Chicago University of Chicago Press, 1997.Goodman, James. Stories of Scottsboro. New York Vintage Books, 1994.James, D. Clayton and Anne Sharp Wells. America and the Great War, 1914-1920. Wheeling, Ill. Harlan Davidson, Inc., 1998.H427 website http//bss.sfsu.edu/tygiel/Hist427

Chapter notes

A person is in a poor position to say there was an invasion of privacy when individualised information is oluntarily placed in public view. 1. In privacy discussions, a frequent question is whether a reasonable person would expect information to be confidential, expectation of privacy. stated as a reasonable 2. For more than 20 years, data mining has been growing and media/Kroger cards acquire only increased this. a. The stopping dismantle of a market strategist is to place an effective social message in front of the most believably group of customers at possible expense. b.Social media is meaty to this end. the least C. Pushback stemming from privacy concerns comes in the form of large number not nowing they have given consent or objecting when they discover that information about them they thought was esoteric is, in fact, public. In other words, under the circumstances, they were under the impression they had a reasonable expectation of privacy. grammatical case Suppose Bob has hemorrhoids, a severe event and frequently Googles hemorrhoid relief and other, equal terms. Bob may be surprised when he gets an e-mail with a coupon for Preparation H.He might be aghast to discover he has actu everyy put what he has put what he considered to be personal, medical information n the Internet for a marketing company to harvest. And it could go on from there. Suppose Bob applies for a Job as an airline pilot and a background check reveals his medical condition. Its not debilitating, but another applicant who doesnt have hemorrhoids gets the Job. Bob would never know he was discriminated against searches he had initiated. Worse, suppose Bob does not have hemorrhoids, but is a medical student writing a paper?Suppose hes shopping for health insurance and is denied coverage or pays an excessive premium due to a medical condition he doesnt even have? SALIENT POINT When thinking about privacy, its also important to consider whether an alleged intrusion was by go vernment or by private interests. Remember that the Constitutions wording is about what government will do and wont do. D. The sequence of cases Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) Contraception was illegal in Connecticut. Roe v. Wade (1973) Performing an abortion was illegal in Lawrence v. Texas (2003) Homosexual acts were illegal in Texas. 1 .Progressively, the Supreme Court expanded the right to be left alone absent a state interest as first envisioned by Warren and 2. Needless to say, these cases represent a sea change in Brandeis in 1890. American social and legal history. For most of Americas history, making people behave properly was deemed a valid role of government. Over the past few decades, we have come to the point that unless government cant state a strong public interest to be achieved, it has to leave us alone. EXAMPLE In the past few years, the standard response to same-sex marriage legalization has become, It doesnt affect me. The new public mindset is, Who am I to Judg e or tell people what is and what isnt an appropriate relationship? In the ast, society had no problem with this. Too, consider whether the logical extension is whether polygamy, domestic violence or similar behaviors can/should be legalized on the same basis, TEXT quality Only people have a right to privacy. Organizations businesses, universities, nonprofits do not. Only people. TEXT NOTE As we discuss the four area of privacy tort natural law, note that each has polar elements of proof and defenses. Avoid confusing them. II. The four areas of privacy law/torts A.Appropriation of name or likeness for trade purposes AKA Commercial appropriation of a plaintiffs name or likeness. TEXT NOTE There are two classes of plaintiffs in this tort the nonfamous and the famous. Distinguishing them is critical to the analysis. For everyday people, damages are based on insult, emotional hurt. For celebrities, damages are based on the Implied- by circumstances mint who voluntarily place info rmation before the public cant protest 1 . Appropriate means take without permission. a. As we have often seen, early on in legal circles, this was considered a problem. b.Starting in Georgia in 1905, an person was awarded not $25,000 when his image was used in a newspaper ad. The d was not based on the persons fame and did not portray him in a negative way, but he was insulted, hurt emotionally, would not have consented. c. Famous people, celebrities, are different in that their images, their fame has commercial value. Putting my name on the packaging for a football wouldnt help sell it. Putting Eli Mannings name instead would be designed to improve sales. The property interest celebrities have in their name in likeness is called right of (1) Because a right of publicity is property it can publicity. e interchange or inherited Just like a ring or a car or a iece of furniture. This is why Elvis and Michael Jackson have made millions more annually since they died than when a cost. ( 2) But for private plaintiffs complaining of commercial appropriation, because damages are based purely on emotion or melodic line or preference, these interests are not inheritable. If for some reason a picture of your mom assuming she is not a celebrity appears on a case of flour after damages. 2. Name or likeness her death, there is no basis to recover a. More often than not, this will be a venire question (question of fact).How clear was it that the suspect ntended you to be identifiable? EXAMPLE Suppose a movie is made and theres a real Jerk character named doyen Mitchell. I feel horrified and demeaned, but if the use of the name is purely incidental then too bad for me. No damages. Incidental use. EXAMPLE Without your acquaintance or permission, your picture is taken at an 0. 0. T. stop. Next thing you know, this photo has been enlarged 12 feet tall and is used in vinyl applied to all 0. 0. T. vehicles. Strangers come up to you on campus and say, Hey, Bus Girl and profe ssors call on you in class as bus girl. You have a case for he emotional stress this causes, if any. On the other hand, if the picture is in profile or something and you recognize your image but others do not, then its not likely you have a basis for a lawsuit. b. In the context of celebrities due to their right of publicity, the analysis is easier. Its usually clear celebritys image for market that a defendant has used the advantage. in Taylor and I claim that speedy service is the basis for using Swift. c. Name or likeness doesnt have to be birth certification name or front-on photograph.Chapter NotesIf 10% of the population of the confederate state would take an oath, they could be readmitted back into the union. Lincoln was radical. Andrew Johnson and reconstructive memory plans wanted to let the southern states construct themselves, if they would take an oath of allegiance would be readmitted (not high ranked), restitution of property?did not include slaves. Hand pick governo rs and create their own governments. They had to revoke the coitus interruptus ordinance, abolish slavery, and repay some of the war debts.However, the Radical Republicans were against this. South was democratic. Black Codes any kind of codes used to discriminate against blacks. Beginning of segregation, doesnt specify race or whatever?grandfather clause. Freedmans Bureau 50 acres and a mule. Wade-Davis Bill radicals view. Republicans being very angry at Johnnys Ideas. Resistance of wage labor against the blacks. The point when the blacks were settleing to get Jobs, paid less or discriminated or didnt have wage. Went around to a lot of dif. Places, subsistence farmers. Thirteenth Amendment Fourteenth Amendment Blacks were citizensFifteenth Amendment gave black citizens the right to vote. = give-and-take under the law. Radical Republicans Reconstruction was about rebuilding society?totalitarian society. 5 dif. Military districts. SC the last state to be released from this. Radic al Reconstruction Johnnys Impeachment not really removed from office. Impeached because he Election of 1868 Grant. Grant was a war hero Run for office and most likely win. Womens suffrage settle act. Women that moved out west were more Independent with the farms, were widows b/c their husbands died. More Independent women In the west.Carpetbaggers and scalawags Carpetbaggers entrees from the north. SC southerners who believe in northern stuff. A lot of free open land, start businesses Go down south and get cheap land, some are sympathizers (n) SC okay with new people moving down, help rebuild economy Black officeholders They can win because of gerrymandering (taking a district and shaping it oddly) Black majorities, had the eggbeater clause, make up rules and try to dissuade them from running. Rare because the whites were against it. Sharecropping south has a lot of land, what happens is the freedmans bureau gives 50 acres of land.Split up land and give It to the people. Blacks t urned to land for support live off of It, subsistence farming, part of land went back to the people that lived there. Nicer way for the masters to get their stuff back. Rise of the UK Klux Klan Nathan Bedford Forest. Starts the ASK. A confederate general who starts it out of (Knights of whiten Camilla) hate. Anybody that was going to run, they intimidate them. Tried to scare them away, threats, one of the first terrorist groups. Redeemers ex-confederates that wanted to restore the south. Self-government, social standard.

Succubus Dreams CHAPTER 2

For a few seconds, I was no longer at the party. My minds eye flashed pricker to where I stood on a cliff prohibitedside the township Id grown up in, b bely old enough to be c onlyed an adult by todays standards. And Niphon was there, smiling at me, promising me he had all the answers and could make my problems dethaw.I shook my head, driving off the memories and returning to the party at hand.His smile grew, an evil smile that promised even more evil things. I could concur been facing Edens serpent himself.I knew you had it in you, he continued, stepping toward me. His voice stayed soft. I knew it the minute I saw you. I cant wait to find out firsthand further howexperienced youve become.My defenses snapped into place, and I stepped back. Touch me, and Ill break your fucking neck.Such ingratitude, considering I made you what you are.Stay a focal point from me.He started to move forward again, and my fondness leapt to a pace that would contrive killed nigh humans. Suddenly, Jeromes voice fell all over us, and I realized the room had become silent. Leave her alone, Niphon. She give tongue to no.The elf paused and made a pleading face. Aw, come on, Jerome. What kind of demon doesnt share his skilfuls?You arent here to fuck my succubus. If you cant do your job, I can replace you.Jeromes voice held a warning note that even an asshole like Niphon couldnt ignore. Maybe almostone would be consigned to Hell to shadow after all. Disappointingly, the imp inclined his head in obeisance and backed off. The look he gave me warned we would live a later conversation.I walked over to Jerome. Maybe you should exact given me a heads up earlier.And vituperate things for you lovebirds? Hardly something a die-hard romantic like me could do. Besides, I told you to come early.Hugh snapped his cell phone shut and wandered over to join us. He kissed my cheek. Hey, sweetie. Big things personnel casualty on here.My already enormous sense of dread grew by leaps and boun ds. Such as?Re-org. Seattles lines have been redrawn. Were acquiring another succubus. Or, well, weve got one.My jaw dropped, and I replayed Niphons earlier words. You are so joking.Afraid not. This is Tawny.Robo-Blonde pranced over on her stiletto heels and tried to shake my hand again. I kept it out of bear upon, fearing for my bones. I forced a smile. Hi, Tawny. I sour back to Jerome and jerked my head at Niphon. Why is he here then?I acquired her, the imp explained. Acquired was a nice way of saying hed bought her soul for Hell, just as hed purchased mine. Its my job to stay and watch her until shes settled in and taken her first victim.No one ever did that for me, I recalled. You sort of threw me to the wolves. Id had to be some innkeepers sex toy in Constantinople for a few years until Id learned the succubus ropes.Niphon shrugged. HRs new policy. Just moot of all the time itll give us to catch up.Giving Tawny a sidelong glance, I hoped her adamant desire to destroy men eve rywhere meant shed be a quick study. Eyeing her leopard-skin skirt, I had my doubts.Well. Fantastic. immediately that Im up to speed, I guess theres no need to stay Hugh shook his head, of a sudden becoming my-friend-the-imp as opposed to the all-business imp. I could tell from his grimace that I wouldnt like what he had to say next. Theres something else you need to know. For the next year or so, you have to be heruh, mentor.Mentor, I repeated flatly.He nodded, looking sympathetic. Jerome watched our transmute with amusement.What, um, does that mean for me exactly?Hugh set his briefcase on a coffee table and pulled out what looked like the kind of copied-and-bound manual of arms Kinkos would run off. He tossed it to me. I caught it and nearly keeled over. The thing had nearly eight-hundred pages.Mentors Official and Complete Procedural Handbook on Initial Succubus Intake and Probationary Period (Abridged).Abridged? I spun toward Jerome. Tell me youre getting back at me for th e time I accused you of wearing Old Spice.That ones still coming, state the demon. This ones for real.I cant do this, Jerome. I dont have the time Do you know how much stuff Ive got dismission on? Im still training the new assistant manager at work He stood up with speed a vampire might have admired. He leaned toward me, the amusement gone from his face.Oh gee, Georgie. How inconsiderate of me to take you away from your human boyfriend and your crucial-to-the-world bookstore job and all the other fucking absurdity in your life Let me just go ahead and tell my superiors that youve got more important things to do than answer to the powers who control your immortal soul and could wipe out your existence in the blink of an eye.Heat flooded my cheeks. I didnt real appreciate be verbally bitch-slapped in front of Niphon and Seattles entire dream team of evil. I didnt mean it like that. I just Its not up for debate whatsoever longer. His words crawled over my skin.I swallowed. Yes, Jerome. Even I knew when to back down.Silence fell. A smirk played over Niphons face. A human boyfriend. How terribly quaint. I cant wait to chance on all about it.I say its get alonge, said Tawny. I hope youre making him suffer.Their romance is a great tale of self-exploration, remarked Hugh, straight-faced.I shot him a glare. As a sexual workaround, Seth and I tack together we could do unto ourselves what we couldnt do to each other. Id never actually told my friends about this solution, scarcely theyd kind of figured it out.With the drama complete, the rest of the room lost interest in me. Tawny did not, however, and immediately began talking to me about the joys of ripping out mens room hearts and watching them cry. I left over(p) her as quickly as I could, working the room and talking to those I hadnt seen in a spot. I was good at smiling and making people laugh enchantment all the while, my mind spun and processed this new complication. When I in the long run found Cod y, Peter, and Hugh huddle together in a corner, I breathed a sigh of relief. I could tell from the looks on their faces that this was the most hilarious thing theyd seen in a while.Cody, newborn for a vampire but ancient compared to Tawny, threw an arm around me. His shaggy blond hair was tamed into a short stub of a ponytail. He was perpetually laidback and upbeat, and his youth always made the rest of us ask to baby him. Oh, man. This is going to be great. You are so screwed.As if, I said, squirming away. You think Im afraid of her?I am, said Peter with a shiver. He had thinning brown hair and wore casual yet exquisitely coordinated clothes, all the way down to his argyle socks. He was an old vampire, airless to my age, and was Codys mentor. Id never thought much about their mentor-apprentice relationship before. It always seemed pretty effortless, but then, Cody was no Tawny.I followed Peters gaze to where the new succubus animatedly told a story to a stone-faced demoness nam ed Grace. From the dangerous jiggling of Tawnys breasts, it looked as though the structural integrity of her shirt could simply stick out so long.I dont think youre afraid, said Hugh slyly. I think youre jealous.Of what exactly? Bad expressive style sense? An ergonomically unsound bustline? I have nothing to be jealous of.Whatever. I saw your face when you heard we were getting a new succubus. Looks like someone isnt going to be the nevertheless girl in our little clique anymore.So?So, well have a new little sister to fawn and fret over. Youll have to share the spotlight.Im not sharing anything, I said huffily.Peter laughed. So it does bother you. Cant wait until the fur starts flying.Her fate is in your hands, said Cody.You should make her call you Miss Georgina, added Hugh with a mocking southern drawl. Or at least maam.Niphons presence and Jeromes lecture had put me in a grouchy mood. Im not doing any mentoring. Shes so gungho to take on the worlds manly population, she doe snt even need me.The three men exc strikeed more smirks. Cody made some hissing and meowing sounds, scratching at the air.This isnt funny, I said.Sure it is, said Cody. Besides, dont you want to helper others? Wheres your sense of goodness and charity?I think I cashed that in when I, you know, sold my soul to Hell.Peter waved his hand. Details, details. Tis the season to put by petty rivalries and animosity. Youve got to get into the holiday spirit. You probably havent even put up your Christmas tree yet.Im not getting a tree this year.The smile slipped from Peters face. What?Oh, shit. Youve done it now, said Hugh. I already got lectured earlier for not having one.Youre a Scrooge, Peter told him while still looking at me. No one hold backs that kind of festive shelter from you. But Georginadidnt you have a Christmas tree last year?Yeah. Somebody burned it down. At my Christmas Eve Martini Party.I was there, said Peter. I dont remember that.You were drunk. Youd already passed out .What kind of sick bastard burns down a Christmas tree?Hugh and I exchanged glances. Thats an excellent question, I said dryly.Peter looked startled. Was it you? he asked Hugh.No, said the imp. It was Carter.Your Christmas tree was burned down by an apotheosis? asked Cody. He hadnt been with our group last December, so this was all new to him. And Peter too, apparently.Yup. The irony isnt lost on me, I said. He had his ashtray too close to where a branch was hanging down.Well, I think he did you a favor, said Hugh. You can get a fake one now. Theyre easier. No watering. No woodland animals. Besides, you can get them to match your d?cor. Did you notice Peters is pissed-off ocean green?Peter sighed. Its jaded sea green.I followed their gazes to Peters monstrosity of a Christmas tree. Nine feet of perfectly shaped needles draped in gold tinsel and red glass ornaments. Everything on it coordinated. In fact, I suddenly realized, it matched Peters outfit. The tree looked like a display m odel from a department store. The green in the multicolored bejeweled star on top even seemed to gain out the blue in the jaded sea green.At least you dont have an angel on top, I said. Because that would have been kind of wrong. And possibly a throw out hazard.Joke all you want, the vampire said, but you have to have a Christmas tree. Oh, yeah you also have to draw a name for inscrutable Santas.I groaned. Are we doing that again?Let me go get the cup, he said, trotting to the other side of the kitchen.I looked at the other two. A vampire ghost with Christmas. That has to be the weirdest thing Ive ever heard.No weirder than an angel burning down a Christmas tree, pointed out Cody.Peter re saturnine with a reindeer mug that held a few folded pieces of paper. He held it out to me. Not many left. Pick.I pulled out a slip and opened it. Carter.Son of a bitch, I swore. I hate Christmas.You do not, said Peter. You just have to get a tree. Then youll thumb better.My eyeball drifted from the star, down to Tawny and Niphon. What I have to do is get out of here, I told them, setting my glass on the counter.I made my good-byes to them and endured a bit more teasing about my new mentoring job. As I walked to the door, I overheard Jerome saying to Grace, but Ill be out of town for a few days.I suddenly realized I needed to ask him something. Hey, Jerome.He turned from the demoness, shooting me an impatient look. In as few words as possible, I recapped how Id woken up without the energy Id stolen the previous night. Jerome listened, looking bored.Whatd you do last night? Bursts of shape-shifting? Rocket science? Heavy lifting?I didnt need him to tell me what sorts of things would burn through my energy. I didnt do any of those things. I just slept. I did dream, though.Dreams only suck the life out of humans, not us, he remarked dryly. Its what keeps Hell in business. Seeing my expression, he sighed. Its probably nothing, Georgie. Mental exhaustionll do it. You probab ly spent the strong night unconsciously wrestling with sexual temptation.I didnt appreciate his flippant answer, but there was nothing I could do about it. I left the party, driving home at a reasonable speed limit this time. As soon as I cleared the door, I tossed that ridiculous manual to the floor. It landed with a ground-shaking thump that made my cat Aubrey puff up her tail.Sorry, I mumbled, scratching her black-speckled head in consolation.Traipsing to the bedroom, I promptly dialed Seth on my cell phone.Hey, he said.Hey. You have to come over here tonight.A pause. Well, I could, butOh, come on You wont believe what I just went through. Were getting another succubus.He paused again. Im not really sure how to respond to that.Respond by getting your ass over here. I need you.ThetisIm so close to the end here. Four chapters away. And I got this idea while we were having breakfastI groaned. Cady and ONeill had defeated me again. Before actually meeting Seth, Id worshipped him fro m afar as a literary genius, reading his novels over and over. Now I knew the dark truth about being a bestselling authors girlfriend.Hearing my silence, he reluctantly added But, I mean, if you really need meNo, no. Dont worry about it. Its okay.You dont sound like its okay. I know how women work. You say that, then youll hold a grudge against me forever. Literally.No, really. Its fine. Ill be sightedness you tomorrow anyway. Besides, as soon as I get out of this dress, Im just going to pass out anyway. No way was I showtime that procedural tome.Youre wearing a dress?Yup.You werent wearing one earlier. Whats it look like?I started laughing. Oohare you trying to have phone sex with me? mobilize sex? Hardly. We havent even had a phone first date.Its not that hard. You see, I tell you how the dress has a really low neckline with nothing underneath. Then, you tell me how youll reach out and peel it off and stroke my Oh my God. No. We are not doing this.Typical Seth. He could write s ex scenes that set the page on fire or dialogue clever enough to impress even me. Make him vocalize any of it, and he choked up. He was shy around others, dreaded in large groups, and much happier staying an unnoticed listener. I sympathized but sometimes had trouble really comprehending it, considering how often I became the center of attention. I liked to think hed improved a bit since we got together, but he had a long way to go.It just takes practice. Here, Ill help you. Picture it. Im getting on my knees and slowly undoing your pants Okay, look. If you really want to go through with this, Id be happy to, you know, go get on my computer and IM itOh good grief. Go work on your book.I hung up the phone and sat down on my bed. Good Lord. My weekend had taken an abrupt U-turn. Like it or not, I supposed it had been only a matter of time before a new succubus joined the ranks here. Seattle had grown significantly over the years, and I could only do so much. But a green succubus? O ne I had to train up? If I hadnt known such administrative decisions were out of the demons hands, I would have accused Jerome of doing it on purpose. It was on par with his sense of humor. Why couldnt we have just gotten some antisocial pro who did her job without ever interacting with me?And Niphonwell, that was the coup de gras. I didnt like being reminded of my past, and I didnt like him. Something told me he had it in for me, though I couldnt entirely fathom why. Hed bought my soul and recruited my eternal services. What more was there? appreciation and see, a warning voice whispered in my head. I shivered. Tawny couldnt make her first score a moment too soon.Suddenly, I didnt feel like passing out after all. I wanted to go out. Not for a victim or anythingjust to, well, be out. Grab a drink. Do a little flirting. It might salvage the train wreck Id just endured.I headed downtown to the Cellar, a favorite watering hole for topical anaesthetic immortals. After Tawnys coming-ou t party tonight, I doubted anyone I knew would be there. A little alone time suited me just fine. Yet, as I entered the crowded interdict and slipped through the drinking, laughing patrons, I felt a cool sensation tickle my immortal senses. It made me think of crystal and ozone.Scanning around, I finally found Carter sitting across the room at a round table. Seattles most powerful angel and the one who had burned down my Christmas tree had comprehend me too, and a slight smile curled his lips in greeting. Although he naturally hadnt been at Hells all staff meeting, he did have a tendency to hang out with my little clique. It had weirded me out at first, but Id since come to view him as a normal fixture in my life, albeit a strange and mischievously dressed one.More startling than seeing him out tonight, however, was his assortment of companions. Three angels and a human none of whom Id ever met before. All of them watched me, displaying curiosity and for one of them abominat e at my presence. Whatever. He could scorn all he wanted. It would take more than an angel posse to get to me after everything Id experienced today. Carters company did strike me as odd Id never known him to work with others. A grudging curiosity rose up within me, wondering what could have brought them all together with a human, no less.Noting my scrutiny, Carter winked and made a small gesture of invitation, much to the astonishment of two of the angels. I nodded back in acknowledgement, first stopping by the prohibition to get a vodka auger.When I walked over a minute later, I put on my best saucy succubus attitude and pulled up a chair beside Carter.Well, well, I said. I feel like its Rush weekend or something. Were all entertaining guests, huh?So I hear, he said. He absentmindedly ran a hand through his chin-length blond hair. Unless I was mistaken, it had been washed for the first time in six months. These guests must be serious. I also hear one of yours is of a more perma nent nature.I pulled a face. I dont really want to talk about that, if its all the same to you.Can we expect a cat fight soon?That drollery is so one hour ago. You want to introduce me to the rest of the class?This made one of the angels laugh. She had deep tanned skin and black hair that shone like silk. A merry glitter danced in her eyes as she extended a hand to me.Yasmine. And youre Georgina.I nodded back, unable to help a smile. The one she gave me in return filled me with warmth and joy. Maybe some angels werent so bad after all. It was a good thing, too, because her companions seemed less thrilled to make my acquaintance.Im Whitney, said another slowly, a pretty black woman whose hair consisted of myriad tiny braids. She dressed with a fashion sense that met my standards and wore cat-eye glasses that made her look both cute and wise. Her handshake took a moment in coming, but it did come.I glanced at the last angel expectantly. He had dark brown hair and blue eyes, paired w ith a long and narrow face. His expression conveyed clear disapproval and a haughty coldness. Now that was behavior I associated with angels. For a moment, I didnt think hed speak at all. Then, with great stiffness, he said, Im Joel. No handshake followed.I turned to the human. He grinned back with as much enthusiasm as Yasmine and flipped his longish dark hair out of his eyes. Vincent Damiani. Nice to meet you.You too. I cut Carter a sly look. And all this time, I didnt think you had any friends.Youre jumping to conclusions, Daughter of Lilith. He sipped from what looked like whiskey straight up. Theyre here on business.Ooh. Top secret angel business, huh? Whatre you going to do? Dance on a pinhead? Lobby for National Cute Puppy Day?Joels cold look dropped another ten degrees. As if we would discuss our affairs with a dark seductress of evil.Yasmine elbowed him with an eye roll. Shes joking.Thats what she wants you to think, he warned ominously. I for one am not going to let my gua rd down while she attempts to use her wily and sinister powers of seduction on us.Fixing him with a slow, languid smile, I leaned back in the chair, crossing my legs so the skirt rode up my thighs. Baby, if I were using my wily and sinister powers of seduction, youd be the first to know.A dark flush stained his cheeks. He fixed his gaze on Carter. I dont know what game you think youre playing, but you need to get rid of her.Carter stayed unfazed. Shes harmless unless youre a drug-pushing god or a nephilim. Or an introverted writer.Yasmine flinched, her cheery countenance becoming sober. Dont joke about nephilim.In fact, Carter obliviously continued, she might fix that little logistical problem. Georgina, I dont suppose youd mind playing hostess, would you? Vincent needs a place to stay while hes in town.I arched an eyebrow in surprise. Misinterpreting my silence, Vincent hastily added, Its okay if you dont want to. I mean, you dont even know me. I can see how thatd be weird.I dont know, I told him, even more curious as to what was transpiring with this odd group. If angels vouch for youwell, you cant really get a better recommendation than that. If you dont mind sleeping on the couch, its fine by me.Youre a pearl among succubi, Carter declared.Joel nearly choked on his drink. Considering his stick-up-the-ass attitude, I doubted he had anything alcoholic. believably Kool-Aid or Pepsi. Diet Pepsi, at that.Are you out of your mind? he exclaimed. Shes a succubus. You cant subject him to that. Think about his soul.Shes not really into nice guys, Carter said. Usually. You wont have a problem.Yasmine offered Vincent a playful look. Hes not that nice anyway.Carter began Joel.I told you, shes fine. Let it go. You have my word. Besides, she wont ask any questions, and itll give him an accessible place to stay while you guys search.I jumped on the word search. Now we were getting somewhere. What are you guys looking for?Dead silence met me. Whitney crossed her arms. Vincent sipped his drink.Okay, I get it. I finished the gimlet with a gulp. Need to know basis. Mums the word. Hush-hush and all that.Yasmines easy grin returned. I love her, Carter. No wonder you keep her around.She then started talking about another succubus shed met in Boston, smoothly changing subjects as deftly as Carter could. Guessing what I was thinking, Carter caught my eye and grinned. I rolled my own eyes in exasperation.Nonetheless, as the evening progressed, I found myself liking Yasmine immensely. She, Vincent, and Carter carried most of the conversation, and while angels werent nearly as fun as the rest of my friends, I found this group entertaining in their own way. They also swore and drank a lot less, but well, nobodys perfect.When the bar closed, I took Vincent with me, but not before Joel issued warnings about the sanctitude of the human soul. Vincent listened to it with a patient face, nodding along at the key parts.Is he always like that? I asked on the drive home.Vincent laughed. He cant help it. He means well. Hes just worried about me.Are you worried?Nah. Youre pretty cute, but no, Im not worried. Im already in love with someone.I started to joke that that was no protection against anything, that Id seduced plenty of guys who thought they were in love. Something in his voice stopped my quip. The way he spoke implied that being in love was indeed protection from me and all the other evils of the world. He spoke like one who was invincible. I suddenly felt sad.Good for you, I said softly.He cut me a sidelong look. Youre okay for a succubus.Okay enough to tell me what you and the Super Friends are doing in town?A smile flashed back over his face. No.At home, I set him up on the couch, producing piles of blankets to keep him warm. I kept my apartment at a steamy temperature most of the time, but it was December, and the part of me that still remembered huddling around meager fires in days gone by felt one could never have enough blanket s.I soon went to bed, buried under my own stash of covers. This time, I didnt dream.

Past Tense Morpheme

Morph In linguistics, a word segment that represents one morpheme in sound or writing. For example, the word infamous is made up of three morphs -in-, fam(e), -eous. A morpheme behind be realized by only one morph. Thus, for example, the morpheme meaning table is represented by just one morphological form, the morph table, and the morpheme meaning difficult is realized by only the morph difficult.The English past tense morpheme that we whirl -ed has various morphs. It is realized as t after the voiceless p of jump (jumped), as d after the voiced l of repel (repelled), and as 2162 after the voiceless t of root or the voiced d of wed (rooted and wedded). We idler also call these morphs allomorphs or variants. II. AllomorphsAllomorphs are variant forms of the same morpheme or variant phonological realizations of the same morpheme such as the past tense morpheme ed has various allomorphs as t/d/Id and negative morpheme has many allomorphs expressed by the prefixes, unfriendly, illega l, irregular, intolerant, and impossible. The indefinite article is a trade good example of a morpheme with more than one allomorph. It is realised by the two forms a and an. -Allomorphs are different forms of the same morpheme, or basic unit of meaning.These can be different pronunciations or different spellings. Example There are three allomorphs of the morpheme -s in English. Compare the sound of the -s in cats, dogs and foxes. Exercise 4 (allomorphs) The past-tense morpheme (ed) can be pronounced in three different ways. Based on the pronunciation of the past-tense morpheme, divide the following words into three groups. (Crashed, hinted, popped, accustomed, reached, classified, kissed, banged, lulled, lined, divided, fitted, flowed. )

Burial Practices Throughout the Ages

Society has always looked for a way to honor its dead. This has been the guinea pig since the ear restst of times. There atomic number 18 rituals in all populations that mark the various pass dates each travel through in life. For instance, we mark an individuals accomplishments in graduating from college, or getting married. It is no different in death. Death is the final passage that civilizations throughout history have found ways to honor. Burials and the ceremonies that commemorate them, cranny the survivors an opportunity to pay homage to the life that has been lost.It gives them a fortune to celebrate the deceased for accomplishments, life and family. The sepulcher ceremony allows the survivors a chance to mourn, and express their sorrowfulness to others. The ceremony helps those left behind to heal from the pain of the loss. From the early civilizations to the present, entombment rituals have told us a great deal about the social style of the population. In most case s, children and elderly were buried just the same as the younger, stronger male. That tells us that the population valued its people and grieved their loss.In the middle and late Iron Age, inhumation practices reflected a diverse community. In the area that is now Britain, an individual was buried in ii separate areas. For instance, there are areas where single bones are buried, as well as locations where the rest of the body is found. During the Iron Age, the breaking down of the human body indicated ritual activities. This was done at death or shortly after with the use of excarnation. Excarnation is allowing the body to be exposed until it reaches the skeleton stage. At that point, the cranium is usually first to separate from the body, followed by the feet and hands.This process volition usually involve the chopping of skin, or soft tissue (Redfern, 2008). Once body parts are separated, the secondary interment can be completed. The body impact also included breaking bones to remove joint cartilage. Archeologists have noticed that the bones found in secondary ranks usually have carving marks, and fractures (Redfern, 2008). The Neanderthal was different in its method of dealing with the dead. In fact, the Neanderthal buried its dead in a painstaking ritual that occurred in stages with the manipulation of the deceased persons body parts.Nevertheless, the Neanderthal left gifts on the graves of those who died. Statistics indicate that 40 percent of the graves that archeologists have examined have been of the genuinely old or very young. That fact indicates that the civilization valued both its elderly and children (Friedermann, Muller, Hemm, 2008). The burial practices of the pre-pottery Neolithic civilization found individuals buried in change graves. Some graves contained only one person while others contained many. Archeologists dis blinded 21 artifacts related to 15 graves in Atlit-Yam, on the Northern coast of Israel.Most of the items were too ls, axes, and other household items. The graves at this site were simple. There were a few secondary burial sites, as some skulls were detached from the body. The burial site was covered with lime plaster on its surface (Galili, Eshed, Goher, Hershkovitz, 2005). In the third millennium burial practices in the Oman peninsula feature tombs circular in shape with un-worked oppose that had a single ring around it. The tomb had between two and ten chambers within it. One tomb at the site of Unar 1 was large enough to hold the bodies of 438 people.A smaller tomb found at Unn an-Nar Island only held between 34-48 individuals. Inside of the tombs, archeologists found ceramics, soft- orchestra pit objects, bronze, beads and shells. These items and burial method indicates a collective manner of living. There were some cremations discovered in this period as well (Blau, 2001). A burial cave found in the Aleutian Islands dated back to 390 BD. gives a glimpse into the function of the society. I nside the cave were found hearths and work places. Human bones had arranged stones around them. There was an surplus stone arrangement at the back of the cave.In front of the cave, in the habitation area, animal bones and artifacts were found. The bodies were in a sarcophagus in wood or stone coffins. There is some discussion among scholars that cave burials may have been just for the better off (West, Lefevre, Corbett, Crockford, 2003). Burial rites in Sophocles Athens featured the use of tombs more than than cemeteries. The tombs are found along roads or at passageways or gates. Antigone believed that all people are entitled to burial. The words tumbos and herion mean mounds of the land that cover the deceased and mark where the individual is buried. The word, taphos means the tomb.The grave or tomb generally was located in a public location. The idea that the dead should be separated in some way from those living is not a part of the Greek culture. However, late 5th century wal ls have been found that mete out up tombs from one family to another. Monuments always face the street or public square. The Romans of the same era prohibited the burial of any individual within the city. (Patterson, 2006). Murders in this era were executed for their crime. After execution, they were stoned and thrown out of the city without being buried. Suicide victims were buried but not provided a headstone.People of good rest were given ceremonies that featured songs. Then they were placed in a decorated tomb (Patterson, 2006). Heroes and those killed in battle were given a public funeral with games, oration, and sacrifices. Solon devised the rules for burial in Athens. He said the deceased should be laid out within his home. The next day, he would be carried out of the house on the get along with he was laying on. When they carry the dead out, men will walk in the front of the procession. Women walk behind. In addition, no woman under age 60 could enter the chamber of the d ead, or the tomb.(Patterson, 2006). This is quite different from the days of Jesus where women were in charge of caring for the dead. In Medieval times there is a diverse burial rite found in the use of gravy holders with regional and temporal variations found. The Sutton Hoo Mound is a large ship-type grave. Most of the boats used were bunker logboats. Some of the civilizations used boat timbers or boat parts to cover the grave area (Brooks, 2007). Scandinavia is well-known for its adoption of burial by boat. The Swedes and Norwegians practiced boat cremations however, such is rare in Anglo-Saxon areas.The exception to this is the site at Sutton Hoo Mount three. At that site there is a tree-trunk made like a coffin that was used for cremation (Brooks, 2007). By the time the 18th century came around, most people in England were buried in unmarked graves in a churchyard. The ground was consecrated and the service was performed by an Anglican clergyman. He used the book, Book of Com mon Prayers for the service. In 1689, however, the idea of personalized funerals and pre-planned ceremonies came into being. The more affluent bought coffins. This claim to the development of the undertaker profession (Gitting, 2007).The very affluent built themselves a mausoleum on their land. The most famous ceremony was for John Knill, the mayor of St. Ives. He naturalized a trust and asked that a ceremony be performed every five years. The ritual featured ten girls, who were under the age of ten. It also featured two widows, the vicar, and mayor and customs officer. All paraded to the mausoleum on top of a hill. The ceremony featured dancing, and singing, Old Hundredth, All people that on earth do sulk (Gitting, 2007). Ironically, the ceremony was last completed in 2006. After the American Civil War, the ideal of embalming became popular.Prior to this Americans relied on the European methods establish for the preservation of the body. The use of embalming gave family a chance to look at the person one last time and accept his or her death. Embalming was used after Lincolns death to allow him to lie in state for individuals to witness, (Funeral Industry, n. d. ) In conclusion, burial rites of differing civilizations tell us a story of how the people lived, as well as how they died. It explains their values, and speaks to the kind of society they lived within. For example, conspiracy of Cairo a 5,000 year old tomb was discovered.Inside of the tomb archeologists found the bones of 10 donkeys. (Burial Site, 2008). This indicates the value this civilization placed on the role of the animals. Therefore, burial rites explain much about ancient civilizations, but also tell us a great deal about ourselves. Although the rituals may have changed, the general purpose is the same and that is to honor the dead. References Blau, S. (2001). Fragmentary endings a discussion of 3rd-millennium BC burial practices in the Oman Peninsula. Antiquity, 75, (289), 557 Brooks, S. (2007). Boat-nvets in graves in pre-Viking Kent Reassessing Anglo-Saxon boat burial traditions.Medieval Archeology, 51, (1), 1-18 Burial site a high honour for a lowly beast. (2008). In Mac leans, 121, (16), 55 Friedermann, S. , Muller, S. , Hemm, C. (2008). The Neanderthals. New York, NY Routledge Publishing Company Funeral Industry. (n. d. ) In Encyclopedia of Death and Dying. Retrieved April 30, 2010, from, http//wwwdeathreference,con/En-Gh/funeral-industry. htm Galili, E. , Eshed, V. , Gopher, A. , Hershkovitz, A. (2005). Burial practices of the submerged pre-pottery Neolithic C site of Atlit-Yam, Northern Coast of Israel. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 339, 1-19Gitting, C. (2007). Eccentric or novice? Unusual burial and commemoration in England, 1689-1823. Mortality, 12, (4), 321-349 Patterson, C. (2006). The place and practice in burial in Sophocles Athens. Helios, 33, 9-48 Redfern, R. (2008). New evidence for Iron Age secondary burial practice and bone modification from Gussage, All Saints and Maiden Castle (Dorset, England). Oxford Journal of Archeology, 27, (3), 281-301 West, D. , Leferve, C. , Corbett, D. , Crockford, S. (2003). A burial cave in the western Aleutian Islands, Alaska. Artic Anthropology, 40, (1), 70

Carol Gilligan: interpretation of “Feminine Ethics” Essay

To start with Carol Gilligan is considered to be one of the most famous psychologists in the United States and in the world. The author of the feminine ethics was born in New York in 1936. Her heraldic bearinger as a future psychologist started with the presenting of the doctoral dissertation at the Harvard University in 1964. For a decade she was working with the great theorist of moral development, Lawrence Kohlberg, but then she began criticizing his works. In her famous book In a Different Voice Psychological Theory and Womens Development (1982) Gilligan presents a revolutionary idea, she gives women rights to choose and she associates them with care and in some suits with the nonplushood.Still, there were some reasons why Gilligan began to criticize Lawrence Kohlbergs work. Firstly, she considered him to have earlier a narrow betterment to the problem of moral values. Secondly, Lawrence Kohlberg examined only mens moral principles and paid no attention to womens feeling and in such way, Kohlberg showed biased opinion against women. Thirdly, Gilligan felt that women should have the voice and she wanted to present a controversial approach to womens rights and moral values. Fourthly, Kohlberg in terms of influence on a human relationship considered mens rights and rules to be at the higher stagecoach than womens (Gilligan, 1982).Lawrence Kohlberg was not the only scientist whose works gave Gilligan ground for her future work. She laid her research on Freuds and Ericksons works. Thus, while discussing womens moral senses Sigmund Freud, evince that they are underdeveloped, because of womens dependence upon their mformer(a)s (Lawrence, 2008). Another famous moralist and theorist, Erik Erickson believed that the process of womens development is successful only in case of separation from the mother and the family. Thus, the board schools for girls are a good possibility for a young lady to develop moral senses. Still, Erickson thought that if a cleaning wo man did not have through the process of self-development she would be lacking some major senses, which found her a real woman (Boeree, 2004).Criticizing the above-mentioned theories Gilligan understood that her goal was to present a new approach to the womens moral senses. Her theory comprises three aspects of womens moral development selfish, social and principled morality. According to Gilligan (1982) Women must learn to act up with their own interests and to the interests of others.The above-mentioned theory has laid the basis for the Gilligans Ethics of Care and Feminine approach to the womens role in the society. I grammatical construction closer to the proposed three-stage theory some similarities to Freuds one will be found. Thus, Gilligan presents the following ideas as for the graduation exercise level the level of self the self is the touch on object of a womans concern. This self is a beleaguered self a powerless and disappointed self, so afraid of being hurt that it prefers closing off to connectedness.this is a self that wants above all to survive (Gilligan, 1982)Still, the first level is the level of wish and when the woman makes the transition from wish to necessity, from the selfishness to wilful decision and to the responsibility of moral choice she will reach the second level the level of moral development. The main motive which leads the woman to move from the first to the second level is a desire to establish connections with others and to participate in social life. According to Gillian the woman of the second level is the conventional, nurturing woman who equates goodness with altruism and who tries to subjugate her wants to those of other people (Gilligan, 1982).The moral development of a woman according to Gilligan can continue to the third level in the case when a woman suppresses her wants and as a result, she reaches a destructive boiling point. Thus, Gillian writes to avoid becoming a resentful, angry, even hateful person, a woman needs to grind beyond level two to level three of moral development, where she will learn how to care for herself as well as for others (Gilligan, 1982)So in case when a woman moves to the third level the process of making decisions is a two-sided procedure. From one hand woman takes into consideration her own desire and from the other hand she odors at others interests and tries to find a happy medium. Gilligan characterizes the move from the second level to the third level as a transition from goodness to truth. She writes A woman moves from pleasing others being the conventionally good, always self-sacrificing woman to recognizing her own needs as part of any relationship. In sum, a woman attains moral maturity when she stops opposing her needs in favor of others, simultaneously recognizing the falseness of this polarity and the truth of her and others interconnectedness (Gilligan, 1982).As it becomes clear Gilligan believes that women look at moral senses through th e prism of caring about others and responsibilities to others. Still, Gilligan uses rather a narrow approach to the womens moral senses. It is obvious that women are vitality in society and fulfill their roles according to the choice made. solely Gilligan ties ethic of caring with the relationship and responsibility and here is the greatest confusion. Thus, from one hand women make choice on their own from the other hand they are to look at their family, relatives, and friends. Can there some misunderstanding be found? even so comparing the Gilligan work In a different voice with the feminine approach which is presented in the work, it should be stressed that everything is circling around care, which the woman is obliged to give. But is it a real feminism? It cant be so. Still, it should be stressed that Gilligans work influenced a lot of works in the domain of a function of womens morality and feminism.Analyzing Gilligans work Omonia Vinieris, the representative of idealism, wri tes that proposed three-level development of moral senses cannot be applied to the modern society because of the masculine competition and self-interest. She stresses that sensitiveness and kindness were never equated with human goodness and as a result presented feminine approach cannot be applied to the rational and intellect male-world (Vineries, 2002)Using Gilligans ethics of care Brenda Green proposes to apply feminist care to the nursing practice. She thinks that care can be applied to politics and can be associated with sex activity and power. Moreover Green advocates the idea that the ethics of care should be rooted in the moral frameworks of responsibility and relationships rather than rights and rules and that any care orientation is indivisible from contextual circumstances rather than being a formal and abstract system of thought. Additionally, care should be grounded in the daily activity of life rather than a set of universal principles. (Green, 2012)Houser, Wilczen ski, and Ham (2006) using the Ethics of care suggest that feminism ideology includes two primary streams of woman-centered approaches which are relevant to care ethics the feminine and the feminist. Feminine refers to the exploration of womens unique voice and advocates for an ethic of care. Feminist refers to the resistance against male domination and advocates for equal rights. Both approaches stress to validate the importance of experience, understand the destructiveness of oppression, and eliminate gender and social inequality.Halwani (2003) in his turn suggests that while using care equal weight should be tending(p) in our moral deliberations. The main aim of the family from his point of view is responding to the needs of the loved ones. Such an approach implicates partialism or discrimination in care to others. Although partialism seems arbitrary, it does advance greater importance to the protection of ones own interests and to the interests of those the person cares about, over the protection of the welfare of others, particularly those who are strangers.Coming to conclusion it should be stressed that Carol Gilligan has presented the new approach to the development of womens moral senses and feministic ideas as for the womens role in the society. Beside Gilligans works influenced further studies in the sphere of morality and the womens place in the society.ReferencesBoeree C. G. (2004) Personality theories Erik Erikson. Psychology Department ShippensburgUniversity.Retrievedfromhttp//www.ship.edu/%7Ecgboeree/perscontents.htmlGilligan, C. (1982) In a Different Voice Psychological Theory and Womens Development. Cambridge, Mass. Harvard University Press.Green B (2012) Applying Feminist Ethics of Care to Nursing Practice. Journal of Nursing & Care. Retrieved from https//www.omicsonline.org/open-access/applying-feminist-ethics-of-care-to-nursing-practice-2167-1168.1000111.php?aid=6557.Halwani R (2003) Care ethics and virtue ethics. Hypatia, 18, 161-192.Hou ser R, Wilczenski F, Ham M.A. (2006) culturally relevant ethical decision-making in counseling. Sage Publications, California.Lawrence A. (2008) Gilligan and Kohlberg Implications for Moral Theory. Blum Source Ethics, 98 (3), 472-491Vinieris O. (2002) On the feminist theory of care. QCC. Retrieved from http//www.qcc.cuny.edu/SocialSciences/ppecorino/ETHICS_TEXT/Chapter_12_Feminism/What_is_it.htm

The Roman Empire

The Roman Empire was once one of the biggest and close right empires in the lands. The empire owned most of the Mediterranean after conquering Carthage, and was immensely powerful. Huge military, very cultured, and massive area, the Roman Empire is the symbol of early, ancient civilizations. But like all powerful and great entities, Rome fell. There were multiple reasons for the fall, economic troubles, the rise of Christianity, and attacks by barbarians. There were other factors of course, but these three things brought the Roman Empire down, starting a new age.Rome had many economic problems that divided the rich and poor. Many emperors debased the currency to supply more coinage, but this had unintended consequences. The coin promptly only represented gold and silver instead of actual gold and silver. Near the end of the empire, coins meant little to nothing, having little to no silver or gold.Taxes were a big player as well, as Rome had taxed its citizens too much. The militar y and imperial guard were absolutely essential, the empire couldnt survive without them. The taxes were so much, that people much sold themselves into slavery, saying that being free from taxes was better than personal liberty. Slavery was the last big player. Rome had a slave issue, relying on slave sedulousness too much. But when territorial gain was halted, slaves and other war treasures stopped as well.Christianity is the largest religion in the world. Back in the age of Rome, it was almost near as massive and fast spreading as it is today. This helped pull Rome into decline. The leader of Rome was seen as divine, chosen by the gods to lead. So when another inspired figure took over, which demanded worship to only him and no other gods before him, the emperor suddenly had fewer supporters. Adding the pope and bishops playing a part in semipolitical affairs, the government became more and more confusing and leaning away from the emperor.

What would be the Global Benefit?

The gap between the turn overs and the have nots has been growing steadily over time. The statistics are heartrending. Of the beings adult population, 2% own greater than 50% of the worlds hoexercisinghold wealth. Additionally, the upper 1% of the worlds adult population, as of the year 2000, owned close to 40% of all the worlds assets. Further, 10% of the worlds richest people account for 85% of the worlds wealth. Sadly, the bottom 50% of the worlds adult population only when manages 1% of the worlds wealth.These statistics ass only be described as dismal (Davies, Sandstrom, Shorrocks & Wolff, 2006). According to the World Economic and cordial Survey carried out in the year 2006, the return of the worlds underdeveloped countries is dependent on domestic policies as well as the regional environment and global economic environment (Reducing internationalistic Inequality, 2006). Since it was found that create countries are growing at a much less rate than their true counter parts as far as technological advances are concerned, changes need to be made to make growth and using feasible.These developing countries are finding it difficult to come up with stark naked activities that will establish the countries economy (Reducing International Inequality, 2006). Some of the changes that need to be made include the following There is a need for macroeconomic stability with does not just mean low inflation, but includes the avoidance of fluctuations in business cycles as well as financial crises and external imbalances. This will increase investment and come along growth within the country (Reducing International Inequality, 2006).The developing countries will also need to create new institutional reforms, guarantee property rights and create new markets. Institutional frameworks and regulations that are needful for the flourishing of markets must also be provided. The necessary public resources to ensure a thriving market should be get in place and rule s must be bewitching across the board (Reducing International Inequality, 2006). globalisation has make a great job of opening up governments to the idea of a free-market. This in turn has clear up new opportunities in global trade as well as investment.With new markets comes a new potential for production to meet the demand, hence more income for the individual and the country (What is globalization? ). Globalization may help reduce the economic imbalances by renegotiating barriers that may be there in commerce, thereby establishing favorable agreements that will encourage trade in services, goods and investment. This is great for fostering foreign partnership with opposite corporations setting up shop in a developing country of choice bringing, employment opportunities and skills depute to the people of the land which they outhouse use in the future.This then increases their household wealth and raises the standards of the people closedown the inequality gap. Technology al so has a great role to play. The internet for instance has made it mathematical for numerous people in developing countries to engage in e-commerce (What is globalization? ). This has transformed the economic lives of many people, especially computer literate youth. The advantages of information technology are vast and touch the lives of investors, consumers and businesses. People in any nation are able to learn about opportunities in a timely manner, which allows them to fall out the said opportunities faster.Additionally, the analysis of economic trends is faster. Collaboration and communication with partners in far away countries is instant and assets can be transferred at the click of a button. All these are ways that globalization opens up developing countries to opportunities all over the world and if maximized, these opportunities can lead to economic uplifting. (What is globalization? ). One cannot forget those that have no access to the internet though, or cannot afford it. According to the World evolution Report 2007, legal age of the worlds poor depend on agriculture for their livelihood.75% of the poor people in the world live in rural areas, of these 86% are dependent on agriculture (Boyne, 2007). Therefore one cannot speak of the victimization of wealth equality without addressing the exhaust of agriculture. According to this report, in order to meet the millennium development finale of reducing poverty and hunger by 50% by the year 2015 in these poor developing countries, agricultural development is a must. In order to make agriculture the mainstay of rural development it is important that the local authorities in any country make the environment suitable and supportive.Additionally, fair rules trade both nationally and internationally must be established, mitigating climatic changes as well as adopting to them and returnsing the poor (Boyne, 2007). The US being counted among the developed and richest countries in the world is often cal led upon to assist or put on aid to countries that are less fortunate. The money used for such computer memorying is gained from the American tax payer. If the nations of the world were more stable due to equality in wealth distribution, it goes without saying that many of those countries would require only a fraction of the said funding or none at all.The US could then use the funds to carry out opposite projects or fund social programs such as benefit for those within the country that need the help. Additionally, social security funds would not be used to fund other programs leading to a deficit and fear as the baby boomers reach retirement age. more than funding would go into research, fortifying the military or homeland defense, as well as many other projects that would be beneficial to the country. This would ease political tensions and bickering and allow elected officials to work without distraction.Internationally, it would enable to worlds countries to move as equals. The dominance asserted by the nations lending aid to poor countries would cease. This would reduce anti American sentiment in many of these poor nations. The opening of global markets is the best way to deal with the issue of unequal wealth distribution. Setting fair international trade regulations will be of great benefit towards this endeavor and agriculture, the main livelihood of the very poor, must be addressed.Benefits of this will be enormous to the US as it will enable the country to retain majority, if not all donor funds which can then be utilized for the benefits of the American people, who earned the money in the first place. References Boyne, I. (2007, October 21). Investment, Inequality ontogenesis Globally. Global Policy Forum. Retrieved prove 27, 2009. http//www. globalpolicy. org/socecon/inequal/income/2007/1021invest. htm Davies, J. B. , Sandstrom, S. , Shorrocks, A & Wolff,E. N. (2006, December 5). The world distribution of household wealth.World Institute for Development Economics Research of the United Nations University (UN-WIDER). Retrieved March 27, 2009. http//www. globalpolicy. org/socecon/inequal/income/2006/1206unufull. pdf Reducing international inequality UN report. (2006, July). Global Policy Forum. Retrieved March 27, 2009. http//www. globalpolicy. org/socecon/inequal/income/2006/0715southbulletin. htm What is globalization? Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Retrieved March 27, 2009. http//www. globalization101. org/What_is_Globalization. html? PHPSESSID=359a52eea34f319e3d9e49a50fe9ae0e

Painting, Music, Theater and Dance as Individual Discipline Essay

Discipline implies a consignment to hard break and that hard work is necessary to grow spiritually, just as it is to develop geniuss inventionistic talents (Wuthnow 2006, p. 107). Painting, music, theater, and dance argon individual clears as artists have to work hard to curb techniques and presences. Learning the art of painting, music, theater, and dance is a discipline because it is a painful step of going by with(predicate) and through the process of mastering its art. Citing various opinions on discipline, Wuthnow stated, To make something that would not meet my expectations and to try again and correct it, step by step, thats discipline.Four means of spirit for each discipline Appreciating a work of art implies an intellectual involvement with what is to be appreciated, be it a painting, music, theater arts or dance. Painters convey their arts in many elans. One of this is the so called realism whose panache of presenting their subject depends on the interest, ima gination, creativity, and break up of the artist. Their Objects ar depicted in the way they would normally appear in nature, and the presentation is said to be realistic. Next is the Abstract form which is usually expressed in geometric shapes which are rarely identified.The triplet is Distortion this is apply by artist to dramatize the object and to create an emotional effect. Last is cubism which represents realities through the use of geometric object. Music artist express their arts in various ways. First is through the so-called live music which is played fast or slow, loud or soft, and happy or sad. Second is the Jazz which is an exhilarating and an intricate play intending to mystify the listeners. The third is the Rock is usually excite by classical string pieces. The last is the so-called Sonata which Hoffman (2005) identified an instrumental piece. The theater art is expressed through audio-visual.Foremost of this expression is the Broadway which has been generally r eferred to as an institutionalized exhibition of art. Opera is another expression of theater art which is usually a character depiction while Shadow puppet is an crucial expression of theater art especially among Asian countries like China and Indonesia. Finally, Puppetry is a calculated and controlled discipline in exhibiting the art form (Harkavy, 1996). Dancing is considered as art that is characterized by a free accomplishment that is guided by the tempo of music. Dancing as an art is expressed in such manner as Ballet tango Ballroom and modern dances.De helping handion of four symptomatics for each discipline The distinctive of painting is that need subject which are either a human person, nature or an art it self. Next, imagination and creativity is both the artists invisible eye to see things hidden and scientific tools. Canvas is also an element of painting which is a hempen cloth loosely woven and is used by painters for painting. The simplest element of painting is Pa int which is a chemical use by painters in wide-ranging colors. Elements of music include strings instruments. These are instruments played by artist utilise their fingers. Wind instruments are another element of music.They are played by using their lips. Drums too are elements of music. Artists played them using a stick and are usually accompanied by other instruments such as cymbals and tambourine. footstep is also an element of music. It is the musics beat, that is, its speed. Theater elements include Character depiction, which is usually performed by artist on stage, drama which is an element of theater art and is usually a story acted by artists to the audience. The dramatists are the artists or the stage performers. Plays are perhaps the most important element which is normally the entire script or a form of story telling.Elements of dance include choreography which is creative dance movement that conveys ideas. The tempo of music is an in a dance that determines the actions and movements. Emotions are the elements of dance that makes the immediacy come viable (Runco & Pritzker (1999, p. 476). Scenery is the place for dancing which is a wide open area conducive for dancing. How each mark is unique to the discipline? Each characteristic is unique to the discipline in such a way that they provide important knowledge and ideas of the particular discipline.They also serve as the introduction and identities of each discipline. These characteristic are unique to the discipline they identify their description only fits with the particular discipline they are representing. References Harkavy, M. D. (1996) Baroque, In the New Websters International Encyclopedia. Hoffman, M. (2005) The NPR Classical Music Companion the States Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Runco, M. A. & Pritzker, S. R. (1999) Encyclopedia of Creativity USA Elsevier Wuthnow, R. (2006) All in Sync USA University of California press

Berny Madoff’s Ponzi scheme

Globalization has necessitated the indigence to develop a code of ethics for different avocations, receivable to the need to streamline trading operations across the globe. The accountancy profession is one(a) of these professions which is regulated by the code of ethics. The major decide it serves in this profession is to prevent misconduct of story skippers, and develop a standard way of rendering accounting information. However, despite the heraldic bearing of these regulations, serious scandals such as cheat still occur in many companies.There has been an addition in financial scandals in various US companies, and most of them can be traced to lack of controls and displace for the code of ethics. The code of ethics has been ignored by many professionals, a fact which has led to the exit of these scandals. The Berny Madoff ponzi scheme is one such scandal, which has caused huge losses to various banks and other institutions. The paper will question this scandal in relation to the accounting code of ethics, and their role in preventing such scandals.Berny Madoff ponzi scheme. Bernard Madoff masterminded what may be the largest stock fraud in history committed by an individual. He confessed to having masterminded a ponzi scheme, by his fast Madoff Securities, which led to losses amounting to over $50 billion (Zambito and Smith 2008). A ponzi scheme is a fraud which involves payment to investors, out of funds received from previous investors, rather than simoleons. Madoff used a strategy of enthronement called the split-strike strategy.It convoluted purchasing stocks, and simultaneously purchasing options, to guard against losses, and these were known as puts. In case the equal of the puts went down, Madoff would trade in calls, which involved trading these stocks to buyers who aimed at profiting from petty gains. This strategy ensured that he made small profits in cases where shargons appreciated in value, after numerous trades. However, with magazine, some financial analysts began questioning the profits that Bernard made from these transactions.They were concerned that his methods of investment were incapable of earning the level of profits he enjoyed, and recommended an investigation on his activities (Henriques A1). In fact, Madoff Securities were investigated for over eight times by the regulatory bodies. The investigations did not find major problems, since they were not face at the in-depth operations of the firm. Some analysts actually suspected that it was a ponzi scheme way before it became expel to investigators. They questioned the use of an audit firm with only one auditor and accountant.They also questioned the unusual strategy which involved avoiding disclosure of SEC holdings, through selling them for cash after each period. In the beginning of 2008, the trade downturn revealed that Madoff Securities were in fact dealing in a ponzi scheme (Naidu 2008). This was as a direct of several requests by investors to withdraw their money, which amounted to $7 billion, and Madoff could not honor their requests. He was forced to confess the faithfulness to his sons, who reported him to the administration. He was subsequently indicted in December last year.Role of strict standards in the accounting profession. The accounting profession requires ethical guidelines which are used by both the accounting professionals and their clients (Carey and the American install of Certified Public Accountants 1-5). The strict standards are dependable to all stakeholders in a railway line. We will psychoanalyze the role of these ethical standards according to various stakeholders. Accountants. In these modern times, globalization has transversed boundaries and connected the world.This has led to the return of multi-nationals, with branches in different countries. Since the parent association has to standardize its accounting reports across several branches, it is necessary to present a global standardized way of preparing and presenting accounting reports to stakeholders. Examples of accounting standards are the IFRS and GAAP accounting standards. This is one purpose that accounting ethics serve, and it enables companies to easily compare their performance with others.Accounting ethics also helps accountants to save integrity and professionalism in their profession so that it may remain respectable and profitable. Ethical standards such as professional competence, objectivity and confidentiality help the accountants to prepare perfect and complete financial reports. Flouting these standards leads to consequences such as de-registration from the professional body, suspension of the practicing license, criminal liability among other consequences.Madoff flouted these principles through committing fraud, a situation which led to criminal proceedings being preferred against him. He now faced the possibility of spending a long time in jail, as well as paying heavy fines. I nvestors. Investors require knowledge about market place trends and stock movements before making investment decisions, in order to get favorable returns on their investment. subsequently investing in a company, investors are rattling interested in knowe the performance of the company in order to make investment decisions.In order to facilitate this, it is pregnant to prepare accurate financial call downments which enable investors to make proper adjustments in investment. The accounting code of ethics helps in achieving this purpose through enabling accountants present the true state of affairs of a company. In the case of Madoff Securities, the geld of the code of ethics has led to the apparent loss of over $40 billion by investors who imply companies, banks and individuals. Some investors, such as Martin Roseman who lend Madoff $10 million, have sued him in order to get top money they are owed.Financiers. Before a company can receive a loan from a financier such as lendin g institutions, there are various feelings which are analyzed. One aspect is the financial performance of the company. If a firm performs financially well, then the financiers are confident that they will be paid back, with minimal risks. However, firms which perform poorly have higher chances of defaulting on payments and are less possible to receive loans from financial institutions. As a result of this, firms may be tempted to misrepresent their financial arrangement in order to obtain financing.Madoff Securities can be said to be one firm which move in this practice, since the firm could not survive without additional funds from new investors, in line with operations of a ponzi scheme. The code of conduct comes in, in such a case, to discourage these practices. Accounting principles such as prudence requires that firms do not understate their expenses or exaggerate their assets, in contrast to operations of ponzi schemes. This is beneficial to financial institutions since it enables them to finance companies with minimal risk.Accounting principles responsible for Madoff Securities reach. Several accounting principles which were broken, were responsible for the financial collapse of Madoff Securities. One principle, prudence, requires that accountants anticipate losses and make provisions for them early enough (Kwok 30-38). It also requires accountants not to overstate the value of their assets (Marriott et. al. 221-223). Madoff Securities did not provide for the losses attributable to fraud, and actually concealed them over several years, through the use of subsequent investor deposits.When they were finally revealed several stakeholders were affected, among them some charitable organizations which had to close down due to creed on this firm (Storm 2008). According to Warren et. al. (34-35), another principle of accounting is the matching concept. This concept states that expenses which are incurred in the course of generating revenue should be recog nized during this period. This is done to ensure that comparison between revenues and expenses of a similar accounting period can be achieved (Eskew and Jensen 40-42).This is very important in making business decisions. In the case of Madoff Securities, expenses which the company incurred were matched with future revenues in order to conceal the fraud. This means that the accountants did not hunt the matching concept, which was responsible for the accrual of huge expenses over the years. Accounting standards require that the accountants present the true state of affairs of a company. Misrepresentation of the state of affairs is a violation of these standards.Madoff Securities misrepresented the financial point of the company, presenting it as a profitable firm, yet it had significant liabilities. This misrepresentation attracted new investors, which led to the company owing over $50 billion to investors at the time of collapse. Conclusion and recommendation. Bernard Madoffs ponzi scheme has been seen to have affected very many local and international investors. The ignorance of the code of ethics and accounting principles that have been discussed was a major constituent which caused this scandal.The code of ethics in accounting helps to protect the interests of all stakeholders of a company. It also makes it easier for companies to compare performance, due to standardization of accounting report preparations and presentation. Madoff forgot one fact about ponzi schemes they eventually collapse due to the inability to handle sudden withdrawals by investors. The economic meltdown played a role in exposing this scheme. It is important that the role of the market regulators with regards to the scheme be thoroughly investigated, since several warnings were given prior to detection of the scandal.If the authorities had acted sooner, the loss would have been lower than it currently is. The stock regulatory authorities need to establish measures that disapprove su ch practices. One of them would be to scrutinize transactions of companies with the aim of detecting irregular and unethical accounting practices. The next course of action would be to investigate the detected suspicious trends, even if the actions are not entirely illegal. This will minimize the risk of loss attributable to fraud, by investors in the stock market.

Dickens and a Christmas Carol Essay

Here Scrooge is taken by a spirit to see himself, as a child, in his plow. It is Christmas cartridge clip and Scrooge was left in school instead of macrocosm with his family and friends, this shows spiritual pauperism, whereby Scrooge is deprived of his family at Christmastime and thitherfore deprived of their love and kindness. some other example of spiritual scantiness can be found on page 69. The spirit shows a vision of a Christmas yet to come, in which Scrooge has died. Nobody cared for Scrooge, because he was so cruel himself, and so members of his staff are selling his clothes.This is spiritual scantness because it demonstrates a total lack of respect for the utterly in preference of financial gain. On pages 48-49, there is an example of material poverty. The Cratchits are having their Christmas dinner. It is a small, simplistic meal consisting of a goose, instead of a turkey, which is normally eaten by the rich, and also a small pudding. despite this, the family we re still happy and content. This is material poverty because it shows that poor people people, who stomach no luxuries, are still adequate to(p) to make the most of what they do have, and be thankful.There is a further example of material poverty on page 61, where Scrooge is again taken by a spirit to visit a part of the city which he had never been to before. It describes in vivid detail the poverty and deprivation in this area. The stench in the quarter was awful, the area was filthy stinking and reeked of crime and misery. Material poverty is unambiguous here because there is simply no money in this area for people to forge purify lives for themselves, or to enhance or repair the environment in which they live. We can tell that this explanation is located in a particular time in history by a number of reasons.The story is published in 1843, as stated on the cover. The book is largely centred around the concept of poverty which was widely in evidence during this era. At ab emerge this time, a writer called Thomas Malthus wrote an essay entitled, see on Population. This argued that the population was too big and that there were too many people being born. This point is emphasised when Scrooge is talking to the charitable gentleman abtaboo making a gift for the poor and Scrooges reply is to let the people die in the workhouse to reduce the surfeit population.At this time, the Poor Law amended the Act of 1834 which abolished outdoor relief and established workhouses for the poor, which resembled prisons. Conditions were extremely poor. The work was tedious and the food was insufficient. Men, women and children were divided and the system was feared by them all. heller also thought that this system was inhumane. He attacked this system in Oliver Twist and highlighted the attitudes which had created it in A Christmas Carol.This shows that the book was written at this time in history because it coincided with the Poor Law amendments which features in A Christmas Carol. The attitude of Charles daemon to the poverty he describes is one of disgust and sympathy. This is partly because he has himself experienced poverty and understands the impact that it can have on oneself. He seeks reform and in his books he has tried to highlight the issues of poverty and to point out why change was essential. This is why Dickens uses a Christmas theme in his book, hopefully to bring out the better qualities of people.Christmas being a period normally associated with kindness and goodwill to all men, he obviously hoped and believed that this would make people aware of the plight of the poor and hopefully change the attitudes of many who despised the poor and were not interested in their well-being. Many people actually profited from the exploitation of the poorer classes, particularly in the workhouses. Dickens wanted to ensure that this type of exploitation became impossible in the future, which was largely the reason why he highlighted these iss ues.An example of this is on page 56-57 where the spirit turns Scrooges own words against him saying, Are there no prisons or workhouses? This is in reference to the Want and Ignorance children, that the spirit is showing Scrooge. The children are ragged and dirty and Scrooge is shocked to the core by their appearance and realises what he has done by ignoring the needs of the poor. Although Dickens did not really succeed in changing the lives of the poor at this time, his efforts did help to bring just about improved conditions and reform from the 1870s onwards.

In this assignment, we would present our findings on whether Singaporeans are receptive to Telecommuting

In this assignment, we would present our findings on whether Singaporeans be receptive to Telecommuting. Telecommuting is the substitution of telecommunication for transportation, permitting feed to be performed at a remote site anywhere except from the smudge. We conclude that Singaporeans ar non very receptive to Telecommuting although Singapore is quite a technologically advanced country in Information Technology.A total of 20 respondents ( males and females) were asked to complete a survey form. Their age group was almost 21-30 years of age. They were mainly made up of NUS students and system analysts. Among the 20 interviewees, 55% indicated that their current jobs do not require them to telecommute. Half of the 20 respondents spend on the average, 0-10 work-related hours in front of the computer every week. In addition, 90% of them feel that Telecommuting could not replace most of the jobs in Singapore.Below are the intravenous feeding highly topped responses that the in terviewees made regarding their feelings towards Telecommuting in general.In the survey, 90% of those participating recognize that thither is a loss in human touch while 85% of the interviewees feel that there is a loss in team cohesion. Telecommuting may cause a relative loss of synergy, because of trim back face-to-face contact, although electronic mail and on-line documentation rear counterbalance this. Thus, Telecommuting results in little social interaction and cut contact with the physical part of the organization (the office). This leads to isolation, loneliness and a reduced sense of identification with the organization and its members.The survey reported that 80% of the interviewees recognize that there is no need to commute with telecommuting. Telecommunication technology lets telecommuters transform almost any space into a workplace. Instead of personnel casualty to work, telecommuters let work come to them. Time is saved too when the telecommuter does not watch to travel to work. He beats the hassle of traveling to work and getting stuck in traffic jams. The time saved can be employ to generating more than output for his work.Moreover, 70% of those participating in the survey feel that they are able to spend more time with family and friends with Telecommuting. Telecommuting can help balance work and family demands. In this sense, Telecommuting can play a part in helping to bond the family together. When the parent does not have to leave home to go to work, he/she is able to spend more time at home with his family. The parent is able to show more concern for his children and spouse, as he/she knows what is going on in their lives. This will greatly improve the family cohesiveness.We found out that 65% of the interviewees think they are not able to work from home. This could be because Telecommuting requires unwavering self-discipline as telecommuters can make a choice between eight hours of work time or eight hours of web-surfing. The latt er is of course more tempting.The reasons why Singaporeans are not receptive to Telecommuting might be due to three reasons. Singaporeans have a collectivistic culture and value team cohesion as well as membership. They are socialized to be emotionally dependent on organizations and institutions. As a result, Singaporeans are not used to the idea of Telecommuting. Firstly, the close proximity between family members due to Singapores small physical size makes Telecommuting unfeasible. Secondly, the handiness of Singapore due to its efficient transport network ensures that employees can commute between home and office quickly.